{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406354654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3528730","title":"Covert Communications in Active-IOS Aided Uplink NOMA Systems With Full-Duplex Receiver","display_name":"Covert Communications in Active-IOS Aided Uplink NOMA Systems With Full-Duplex Receiver","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406354654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3528730"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3528730","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3528730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074049488","display_name":"Xueyu Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9717-7213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099312","display_name":"Shandong Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01848hk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueyu Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9717-7213","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009817758","display_name":"Nan Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0125-370X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0125-370X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057681984","display_name":"Lu Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7609-079X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7609-079X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083860419","display_name":"Alexandros\u2013Apostolos A. Boulogeorgos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8345-0872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89506807","display_name":"University of Western Macedonia","ror":"https://ror.org/00a5pe906","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandros-Apostolos A. Boulogeorgos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8345-0872","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020442416","display_name":"Theodoros A. Tsiftsis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-3932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","display_name":"University of Thessaly","ror":"https://ror.org/04v4g9h31","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theodoros A. Tsiftsis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-3932","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060100779","display_name":"Hongwu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2279-5540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099312","display_name":"Shandong Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01848hk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongwu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2279-5540","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099312"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.866,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90611149,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"5","first_page":"8419","last_page":"8424"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.8248106241226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noma","display_name":"Noma","score":0.7859547138214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5509495139122009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duplex","display_name":"Duplex (building)","score":0.5376386046409607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.38180845975875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3597746193408966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.35707300901412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.33113622665405273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.8248106241226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775918612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994794","display_name":"Noma","level":3,"score":0.7859547138214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5509495139122009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99611785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6453233","display_name":"Duplex (building)","level":3,"score":0.5376386046409607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.38180845975875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3597746193408966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.35707300901412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33113622665405273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3528730","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3528730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4212392025","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u529f\u7387\u6c47\u805a\u8d85\u8868\u9762\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u91c7\u96c6\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u901a\u4fe1\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62071202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6747170265","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271368","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G860760224","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ISN24-02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323230","funder_display_name":"Xidian University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323230","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3134021994","https://openalex.org/W3135998278","https://openalex.org/W3174042897","https://openalex.org/W4296129197","https://openalex.org/W4312635970","https://openalex.org/W4386634588","https://openalex.org/W4388286191","https://openalex.org/W4390576916","https://openalex.org/W4390604684","https://openalex.org/W4392158190","https://openalex.org/W4392175472","https://openalex.org/W4393185127","https://openalex.org/W4393185158"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3030525848","https://openalex.org/W4385197910","https://openalex.org/W2340639785","https://openalex.org/W4404253608","https://openalex.org/W3010814398","https://openalex.org/W4385197899","https://openalex.org/W3005957545","https://openalex.org/W2076432172","https://openalex.org/W3165611029","https://openalex.org/W2370038111"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,21],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"an":[3,96],"active":[4],"intelligent":[5],"omni-surface":[6],"(A-IOS)":[7],"is":[8,38,100,153,187],"deployed":[9],"to":[10,23,43,48,90,102,155,157],"aid":[11],"uplink":[12,183],"transmissions":[13],"in":[14,29,46,131],"a":[15,33,148],"non-orthogonal":[16],"multiple":[17],"access":[18],"(NOMA)":[19],"system.":[20,185],"order":[22],"shelter":[24],"the":[25,30,41,50,53,57,60,83,91,105,110,117,120,135,142,158,168,171,175,180,191,200,211],"covert":[26,58,85,176,196],"signal":[27,45],"embedded":[28],"superposition":[31],"transmissions,":[32],"multi-antenna":[34],"full-duplex":[35],"(FD)":[36],"receiver":[37],"utilized":[39],"at":[40],"base-station":[42],"recover":[44],"addition":[47],"jamming":[49,76,126,207],"warden.":[51],"With":[52],"aim":[54],"of":[55,108,119,141,170],"maximizing":[56],"rate,":[59],"FD":[61,75,125,146,206],"transmit":[62,72,122,203],"and":[63,68,74,124,145,205],"receive":[64],"beamforming,":[65,70,147],"A-IOS":[66,143,172],"refraction":[67],"reflection":[69],"NOMA":[71,121,184,202],"power,":[73],"power":[77,123,127,204,208],"are":[78,129],"jointly":[79],"optimized.":[80],"To":[81,133],"tackle":[82,134],"non-convex":[84,138],"rate":[86,177],"maximization":[87],"problem":[88],"subject":[89],"highly":[92],"coupled":[93],"system":[94,111],"parameters,":[95],"alternating":[97],"optimization":[98],"algorithm":[99],"designed":[101],"iteratively":[103],"solve":[104],"decoupled":[106],"sub-problems":[107,118],"optimizing":[109],"parameters.":[112],"The":[113],"optimal":[114,159],"solutions":[115,160],"for":[116],"optimizations":[128],"derived":[130],"closed-form.":[132],"rank-one":[136],"constrained":[137],"fractional":[139],"programming":[140],"beamforming":[144],"penalized":[149],"Dinkelbach":[150],"transformation":[151],"approach":[152],"proposed":[154,192],"resort":[156],"via":[161],"semidefinite":[162],"programming.":[163],"Numerical":[164],"results":[165],"clarify":[166],"that":[167,190],"deployment":[169],"significantly":[173],"improves":[174],"compared":[178,209],"with":[179,199,210],"passive-IOS":[181],"aided":[182],"It":[186],"also":[188],"found":[189],"scheme":[193],"provides":[194],"better":[195],"communication":[197],"performance":[198],"optimized":[201],"benchmark":[212],"schemes.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
