{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404293861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3496513","title":"HCLT-YOLO: A Hybrid CNN and Lightweight Transformer Architecture for Object Detection in Complex Traffic Scenes","display_name":"HCLT-YOLO: A Hybrid CNN and Lightweight Transformer Architecture for Object Detection in Complex Traffic Scenes","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404293861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3496513"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2024.3496513","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3496513","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035171475","display_name":"Zhige Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1908-5329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768226","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission","ror":"https://ror.org/054scg060","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170","https://openalex.org/I4391768226"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhige Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission for Advanced Equipment, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission for Advanced Equipment, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1908-5329","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission for Advanced Equipment, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission for Advanced Equipment, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170","https://openalex.org/I4391768226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kai Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5530-9326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768226","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission","ror":"https://ror.org/054scg060","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170","https://openalex.org/I4391768226"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission for Advanced Equipment, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission for Advanced Equipment, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5530-9326","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission for Advanced Equipment, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission for Advanced Equipment, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170","https://openalex.org/I4391768226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080736367","display_name":"Yandong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0774-9414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768226","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission","ror":"https://ror.org/054scg060","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170","https://openalex.org/I4391768226"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yandong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission for Advanced Equipment, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission for Advanced Equipment, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission for Advanced Equipment, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission for Advanced Equipment, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170","https://openalex.org/I4391768226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3969-7898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50632499","display_name":"Chongqing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04vgbd477","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50632499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Automobile Parts, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3969-7898","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Automobile Parts, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50632499"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101927324","display_name":"Xiaolin Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5709-291X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768226","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission","ror":"https://ror.org/054scg060","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170","https://openalex.org/I4391768226"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolin Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission for Advanced Equipment, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission for Advanced Equipment, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5709-291X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission for Advanced Equipment, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission for Advanced Equipment, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170","https://openalex.org/I4391768226"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035171475"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170","https://openalex.org/I4391768226"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.712,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96156707,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"3","first_page":"3681","last_page":"3694"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.947700023651123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9077000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6816048622131348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.6602832078933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6020423769950867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5946784019470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5766919255256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5083624720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3273700475692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.29697495698928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.2866559624671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.14917674660682678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.08597719669342041}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6816048622131348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.6602832078933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6020423769950867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5946784019470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5766919255256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5083624720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3273700475692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29697495698928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2866559624671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14917674660682678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.08597719669342041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2024.3496513","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3496513","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1171392990","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSTB2023NSCQ-JQX0003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2234459044","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024IAIS-ZD007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G550538802","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52222215","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7408717531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SKLMT-ZZKT-2024R04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326995","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326995","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002427601","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2472350142","https://openalex.org/W2479866714","https://openalex.org/W2955525211","https://openalex.org/W2962951509","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2990230185","https://openalex.org/W3009899240","https://openalex.org/W3040987333","https://openalex.org/W4205306821","https://openalex.org/W4206209083","https://openalex.org/W4206300761","https://openalex.org/W4206710986","https://openalex.org/W4210949094","https://openalex.org/W4224739814","https://openalex.org/W4229369079","https://openalex.org/W4281393844","https://openalex.org/W4281614666","https://openalex.org/W4285176535","https://openalex.org/W4285215200","https://openalex.org/W4310009591","https://openalex.org/W4313399384","https://openalex.org/W4319449817","https://openalex.org/W4319990398","https://openalex.org/W4366957357","https://openalex.org/W4367146527","https://openalex.org/W4384931663","https://openalex.org/W4385239611","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W4386141713","https://openalex.org/W4387704251","https://openalex.org/W4388579628","https://openalex.org/W4388768368","https://openalex.org/W4390619508","https://openalex.org/W4391092590","https://openalex.org/W4392904527","https://openalex.org/W4393185145","https://openalex.org/W4397019378","https://openalex.org/W4402703046","https://openalex.org/W6784333009","https://openalex.org/W6838547440"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2588198209","https://openalex.org/W1909006023","https://openalex.org/W4205824991","https://openalex.org/W3200723557","https://openalex.org/W4312713546","https://openalex.org/W2362195430","https://openalex.org/W2347494122","https://openalex.org/W2567983276","https://openalex.org/W2802298219","https://openalex.org/W2393996461"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"swift":[1],"and":[2,29,52,73,105,113,125,134,161,170,186,211],"accurate":[3],"detection":[4,101,111,123,179,198],"of":[5,15,49,119,234],"traffic":[6,9,57,78,90,202],"signs":[7,24,203],"in":[8,19,55],"scenes":[10],"is":[11],"a":[12,62,98],"pivotal":[13],"aspect":[14],"environmental":[16],"perception":[17],"technology":[18],"autonomous":[20],"driving":[21],"systems.":[22],"Traffic":[23],"provide":[25],"essential":[26],"road":[27,37],"information":[28],"regulatory":[30],"instructions,":[31],"which":[32,150],"are":[33],"critical":[34],"to":[35,45,88,109,193],"ensuring":[36],"safety.":[38],"This":[39],"paper":[40],"presents":[41],"the":[42,47,85,94,117,120,126,130,147,158,168,175,197,221,228,238],"HCLT-YOLO":[43],"model":[44,177,229],"address":[46,142],"challenges":[48],"false":[50],"alarms":[51],"missed":[53],"detections":[54],"complex":[56],"environments.":[58],"Specifically,":[59],"we":[60,92,145],"propose":[61],"novel":[63],"hybrid":[64],"CNN-transformer":[65],"network":[66],"architecture":[67],"that":[68,174,227],"efficiently":[69],"integrates":[70],"both":[71],"local":[72],"global":[74],"features,":[75],"thereby":[76],"improving":[77],"sign":[79],"feature":[80,155],"representation.":[81],"To":[82,141],"further":[83],"enhance":[84],"model\u00e2s":[86],"sensitivity":[87],"small":[89,121,201],"signs,":[91],"optimize":[93],"structure":[95],"by":[96,106,181,206],"introducing":[97],"dedicated":[99],"small-object":[100],"layer":[102,124],"through":[103],"upsampling":[104],"leveraging":[107],"SIoU":[108],"improve":[110],"accuracy":[112,180,199],"computational":[114,132],"efficiency.":[115],"However,":[116],"addition":[118],"object":[122],"Transformer":[127],"module":[128],"increases":[129],"overall":[131],"complexity":[133],"parameter":[135],"count,":[136],"potentially":[137],"affecting":[138],"real-time":[139,163,239],"performance.":[140],"this":[143],"issue,":[144],"introduce":[146],"DG-C2f":[148],"module,":[149],"employs":[151],"linear":[152],"transformations":[153],"for":[154,200,241],"mapping,":[156],"streamlining":[157],"convolution":[159],"process":[160],"enhancing":[162],"feasibility.":[164],"Experimental":[165],"evaluations":[166],"on":[167,220],"GTSDB":[169],"TT100K":[171],"datasets":[172],"demonstrate":[173],"proposed":[176],"improves":[178],"2.5<inline-formula":[182],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[183,188,208,213],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[184,189,209,214],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\%$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[185,210],"6.8<inline-formula":[187],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\%$</tex-math></inline-formula>,":[190,215],"respectively,":[191],"compared":[192],"YOLOv8s":[194],"models.":[195],"Notably,":[196],"improved":[204],"significantly,":[205],"6.9<inline-formula":[207],"11.7<inline-formula":[212],"respectively.":[216],"Additionally,":[217],"processor-in-the-loop":[218],"experiments":[219],"NVIDIA":[222],"Jetson":[223],"AGX":[224],"Orin":[225],"show":[226],"achieves":[230],"an":[231],"inference":[232],"speed":[233],"46":[235],"FPS,":[236],"meeting":[237],"requirements":[240],"in-vehicle":[242],"applications.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-05-23T08:51:43.019350","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
