{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404239110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3495526","title":"Experimental Characterization and 1D Simulation of an EV Drivetrain System With a Double-Stator Axial Flux SPMSM","display_name":"Experimental Characterization and 1D Simulation of an EV Drivetrain System With a Double-Stator Axial Flux SPMSM","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404239110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3495526"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2024.3495526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3495526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114592753","display_name":"Rub\u00e9n Rodr\u00edguez Vieitez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158603","display_name":"Complejo Hospitalario de Pontevedra","ror":"https://ror.org/016cxc226","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158603"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rub\u00e9n Rodr\u00edguez Vieitez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Powertrain Department, CTAG, Porri&#x00F1;o, Pontevedra, Spain","Powertrain Department, CTAG, Porri&#x00F1;o (Pontevedra), Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Powertrain Department, CTAG, Porri&#x00F1;o, Pontevedra, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158603"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Powertrain Department, CTAG, Porri&#x00F1;o (Pontevedra), Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057315972","display_name":"Jes\u00fas R. V\u00e1zquez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1259-3512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158603","display_name":"Complejo Hospitalario de Pontevedra","ror":"https://ror.org/016cxc226","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158603"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Rivas V\u00e1zquez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Powertrain Department, CTAG, Porri&#x00F1;o, Pontevedra, Spain","Powertrain Department, CTAG, Porri&#x00F1;o (Pontevedra), Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Powertrain Department, CTAG, Porri&#x00F1;o, Pontevedra, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158603"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Powertrain Department, CTAG, Porri&#x00F1;o (Pontevedra), Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067018182","display_name":"Jacobo Porteiro Fresco","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6289922","display_name":"Universidade de Vigo","ror":"https://ror.org/05rdf8595","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacobo Porteiro Fresco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energetic Technology Group (GTE) at Center for Research on Technologies, Energy and Industrial Processes (CINTECX), Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energetic Technology Group (GTE) at Center for Research on Technologies, Energy and Industrial Processes (CINTECX), Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057131265","display_name":"Delfim F. M. Torres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8641-2505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6289922","display_name":"Universidade de Vigo","ror":"https://ror.org/05rdf8595","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Villanueva Torres","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energetic Technology Group (GTE) at Center for Research on Technologies, Energy and Industrial Processes (CINTECX), Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energetic Technology Group (GTE) at Center for Research on Technologies, Energy and Industrial Processes (CINTECX), Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040354403","display_name":"Nicola Bassan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152629","display_name":"Eastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/05e2ncr14","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152629"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Bassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Powertrain and E&#x002F;E Systems, QEV Technologies, Montmel&#x00F3;, Barcelona, Spain","Powertrain and E&#x002F;E Systems, QEV Technologies, Montmel&#x00F3; (Barcelona), Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Powertrain and E&#x002F;E Systems, QEV Technologies, Montmel&#x00F3;, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152629"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Powertrain and E&#x002F;E Systems, QEV Technologies, Montmel&#x00F3; (Barcelona), Spain","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114592753"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158603"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2083,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53751828,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"3","first_page":"3666","last_page":"3680"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11602","display_name":"Magnetic Bearings and Levitation Dynamics","score":0.9480000138282776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12810","display_name":"Real-time simulation and control systems","score":0.9323999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drivetrain","display_name":"Drivetrain","score":0.7447603940963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stator","display_name":"Stator","score":0.7094765305519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flux","display_name":"Flux (metallurgy)","score":0.4948551058769226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.46317368745803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4144706130027771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.39851275086402893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3933463394641876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3589703440666199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3275090754032135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.31175315380096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.2416629195213318}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105637607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786258","display_name":"Drivetrain","level":3,"score":0.7447603940963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776529397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190312","display_name":"Stator","level":2,"score":0.7094765305519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68709404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134475","display_name":"Flux (metallurgy)","level":2,"score":0.4948551058769226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.46317368745803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4144706130027771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.39851275086402893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3933463394641876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3589703440666199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3275090754032135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31175315380096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2416629195213318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2024.3495526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3495526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1791244728","https://openalex.org/W1966908851","https://openalex.org/W1977202657","https://openalex.org/W2094697103","https://openalex.org/W2106870367","https://openalex.org/W2122907855","https://openalex.org/W2124227376","https://openalex.org/W2140061840","https://openalex.org/W2312645341","https://openalex.org/W2769873673","https://openalex.org/W2780769348","https://openalex.org/W2889133538","https://openalex.org/W2892314647","https://openalex.org/W2898725349","https://openalex.org/W2977435692","https://openalex.org/W2981878078","https://openalex.org/W3037303468","https://openalex.org/W3107642484","https://openalex.org/W3186324237","https://openalex.org/W3215761290","https://openalex.org/W4220755295","https://openalex.org/W4284890482","https://openalex.org/W4290994924","https://openalex.org/W4309441501","https://openalex.org/W4316021961","https://openalex.org/W4379874986","https://openalex.org/W4380680630","https://openalex.org/W6733417911"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3152769028","https://openalex.org/W3181152791","https://openalex.org/W2896194732","https://openalex.org/W4319159820","https://openalex.org/W2566458058","https://openalex.org/W2090101458","https://openalex.org/W2216607741","https://openalex.org/W3125878227","https://openalex.org/W2540967753","https://openalex.org/W2191685641"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,108],"article":[1],"addresses":[2],"the":[3,34,55,59,87,93,148,160,180,187,194,211,217,234,238,260],"comprehensive":[4,231],"experimental":[5,56,214,223],"characterization":[6,72,232],"and":[7,33,66,83,89,103,126,129,133,164,177,186,197,205,240,250],"numerical":[8,157],"modelling":[9],"of":[10,47,62,98,112,159,179,219,233,259],"an":[11],"axial":[12],"flux":[13],"permanent":[14],"magnet":[15],"synchronous":[16],"Electric":[17],"Vehicle":[18],"Drivetrain":[19],"System":[20],"(AFPMSM).":[21],"A":[22,45,156],"methodology":[23],"based":[24],"on":[25,71,74,153],"studies":[26,70],"from":[27,31],"various":[28],"procedures,":[29,57],"both":[30],"research":[32],"industrial":[35],"sector":[36],"(Original":[37],"Equipment":[38],"Manufacturer":[39],"(OEM)":[40],"&":[41],"Tier1),":[42],"is":[43,182],"employed.":[44],"Design":[46],"Experiments":[48],"(DoE)":[49],"approach":[50],"was":[51,106,162],"employed":[52],"to":[53,146],"guide":[54],"enabling":[58],"precise":[60],"determination":[61],"critical":[63],"parameters,":[64],"magnitudes,":[65],"their":[67,151],"interrelationships.":[68],"Most":[69],"focus":[73],"a":[75,230,255],"single":[76],"aspect,":[77],"idealizing":[78],"or":[79,141],"simplifying":[80],"other":[81,154],"influences":[82],"nonlinearities,":[84,149],"which":[85],"limits":[86],"analysis":[88,97],"does":[90],"not":[91],"include":[92],"complete":[94],"drivetrain.":[95],"An":[96],"Field":[99],"Oriented":[100],"Control":[101],"(FOC)":[102],"its":[104],"performance":[105],"conducted.":[107],"included":[109],"experimentally":[110],"quantification":[111],"factors":[113],"such":[114,243],"as":[115,244],"losses,":[116],"inertias,":[117],"phase":[118,195],"resistances,":[119],"temperatures,":[120],"back":[121],"electromotive":[122],"force":[123],"(BEMF),":[124],"nominal":[125],"peak":[127],"torque":[128,176],"power,":[130],"efficiencies,":[131],"inductances":[132],"magnetic":[134,245],"flux.":[135],"Correlations":[136],"were":[137],"established":[138],"through":[139],"equations":[140],"Look":[142],"Up":[143],"Tables":[144],"(LUT),":[145],"capture":[147],"determining":[150],"effects":[152,242],"variables.":[155],"model":[158,181,209],"powertrain":[161],"generated":[163],"validated":[165],"in":[166,216,226],"AVL":[167],"CRUISE<sup":[168],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[169],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">TM</sup>":[170],"M.":[171],"The":[172,208,222],"prediction":[173],"error":[174,191],"for":[175,193,213],"power":[178],"less":[183,202],"than":[184,203],"3%,":[185],"mean":[188],"absolute":[189],"percentage":[190],"(MAPE)":[192],"(id)":[196],"quadrature":[198],"(iq)":[199],"currents":[200],"are":[201],"4.74%":[204],"2.51%,":[206],"respectively.":[207],"reduces":[210],"need":[212],"testing":[215],"development":[218],"electric":[220],"powertrains.":[221],"procedure":[224],"described":[225],"this":[227],"work":[228],"enables":[229],"drivetrain,":[235],"specifically":[236],"addressing":[237],"nonlinearities":[239],"associated":[241],"circuit":[246],"saturation,":[247],"inductance":[248],"variation,":[249],"temperature":[251],"impact,":[252],"thereby":[253],"providing":[254],"more":[256],"accurate":[257],"representation":[258],"SPMSM":[261],"motor's":[262],"behavior.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T07:56:22.981413","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}