{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404057454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3486079","title":"Enhancing Automatic Modulation Recognition Through Robust Global Feature Extraction","display_name":"Enhancing Automatic Modulation Recognition Through Robust Global Feature Extraction","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404057454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3486079"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2024.3486079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3486079","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115604943","display_name":"Yunpeng Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9700-6290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunpeng Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9700-6290","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081263592","display_name":"Zhilin Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0751-9847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhilin Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lab for High Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0751-9847","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab for High Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101510784","display_name":"Rui Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9696-0027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9696-0027","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100379884","display_name":"Jintao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5245-5379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jintao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5245-5379","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100370361","display_name":"Jian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7683-6937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7683-6937","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.6447,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98829902,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"3","first_page":"4192","last_page":"4207"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12946","display_name":"Fractal and DNA sequence analysis","score":0.9423999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.909500002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6077991127967834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4915984570980072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-target-recognition","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","score":0.4640035033226013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.46164670586586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45424187183380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4378669261932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.42536723613739014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.35568878054618835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27176743745803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.11962410807609558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10462683439254761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.10208481550216675}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6077991127967834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4915984570980072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117623542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621974","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","level":3,"score":0.4640035033226013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.46164670586586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45424187183380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4378669261932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.42536723613739014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35568878054618835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27176743745803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.11962410807609558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10462683439254761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.10208481550216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2024.3486079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3486079","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1573422257","https://openalex.org/W1975337058","https://openalex.org/W2005956500","https://openalex.org/W2048101164","https://openalex.org/W2048654658","https://openalex.org/W2089320958","https://openalex.org/W2130014182","https://openalex.org/W2142233802","https://openalex.org/W2146514432","https://openalex.org/W2147735901","https://openalex.org/W2151946103","https://openalex.org/W2159639016","https://openalex.org/W2272847350","https://openalex.org/W2541876556","https://openalex.org/W2609211361","https://openalex.org/W2609289242","https://openalex.org/W2734408173","https://openalex.org/W2741230443","https://openalex.org/W2745737352","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2768282280","https://openalex.org/W2773170971","https://openalex.org/W2795250928","https://openalex.org/W2884089434","https://openalex.org/W2888848736","https://openalex.org/W2912136746","https://openalex.org/W2916820451","https://openalex.org/W2954996726","https://openalex.org/W2963108767","https://openalex.org/W2963809753","https://openalex.org/W2974861210","https://openalex.org/W2995727660","https://openalex.org/W3004340854","https://openalex.org/W3010476030","https://openalex.org/W3015903302","https://openalex.org/W3022311971","https://openalex.org/W3032977069","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3101503122","https://openalex.org/W3104028856","https://openalex.org/W3126877825","https://openalex.org/W3129407453","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3140854437","https://openalex.org/W3152891870","https://openalex.org/W3155899199","https://openalex.org/W3168231499","https://openalex.org/W3190992837","https://openalex.org/W3193513114","https://openalex.org/W3206585035","https://openalex.org/W4210557982","https://openalex.org/W4225968213","https://openalex.org/W4246193833","https://openalex.org/W4285024197","https://openalex.org/W4285238813","https://openalex.org/W4292826143","https://openalex.org/W4294151805","https://openalex.org/W4301581299","https://openalex.org/W4312262250","https://openalex.org/W4312480037","https://openalex.org/W4360770738","https://openalex.org/W4361269588","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6746052068","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6773820404","https://openalex.org/W6774970780","https://openalex.org/W6779277177","https://openalex.org/W6917408469"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996690921","https://openalex.org/W2601157893","https://openalex.org/W2373006798","https://openalex.org/W2131735617","https://openalex.org/W2056912418","https://openalex.org/W2033213769","https://openalex.org/W4312376745","https://openalex.org/W4387802643","https://openalex.org/W2136016640","https://openalex.org/W2049538278"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"Modulation":[1],"Recognition":[2],"(AMR)":[3],"plays":[4],"a":[5,77,178],"crucial":[6,34],"role":[7],"in":[8,20,35,44,109,170,205,210],"wireless":[9],"communication":[10],"systems.":[11],"Deep":[12],"learning":[13],"AMR":[14],"strategies":[15,140],"have":[16,197],"achieved":[17],"tremendous":[18],"success":[19],"recent":[21],"years.":[22],"Modulated":[23],"signals":[24],"exhibit":[25],"long":[26,92],"temporal":[27,120],"dependencies,":[28],"and":[29,91,130,166,188,193],"extracting":[30,62],"global":[31,69,107],"features":[32,64,129],"is":[33],"identifying":[36],"modulation":[37,49],"schemes.":[38,50],"Traditionally,":[39],"human":[40],"experts":[41],"analyze":[42],"patterns":[43],"constellation":[45],"diagrams":[46],"to":[47,55,67,104,115,146,151,185,190],"classify":[48],"Classical":[51],"convolutional-based":[52],"networks,":[53],"due":[54],"their":[56],"limited":[57],"receptive":[58],"fields,":[59],"excel":[60],"at":[61],"local":[63],"but":[65],"struggle":[66],"capture":[68,118],"relationships.":[70],"To":[71,122],"address":[72],"this":[73],"limitation,":[74],"we":[75,136],"introduce":[76],"novel":[78],"hybrid":[79],"deep":[80],"framework":[81,175],"named":[82],"TLDNN,":[83],"which":[84],"incorporates":[85],"the":[86,89,98,102,106,117,124,148,199,207],"architectures":[87],"of":[88,101,119,172,201],"transformer":[90,103],"short-term":[93],"memory":[94],"(LSTM).":[95],"We":[96,196],"utilize":[97],"self-attention":[99],"mechanism":[100],"model":[105,134],"correlations":[108],"signal":[110],"sequences":[111],"while":[112],"employing":[113],"LSTM":[114],"enhance":[116,147],"dependencies.":[121],"mitigate":[123],"impact":[125],"like":[126],"RF":[127],"fingerprint":[128],"channel":[131],"characteristics":[132],"on":[133,156],"generalization,":[135,208],"propose":[137],"data":[138],"augmentation":[139,203],"known":[141],"as":[142,177],"segment":[143],"substitution":[144],"(SS)":[145],"model's":[149],"robustness":[150],"modulation-related":[152],"features.":[153],"Experimental":[154],"results":[155],"widely-used":[157],"datasets":[158,187],"demonstrate":[159],"that":[160,181],"our":[161,202],"method":[162],"achieves":[163],"state-of-the-art":[164],"performance":[165],"exhibits":[167],"significant":[168],"advantages":[169],"terms":[171],"complexity.":[173],"Our":[174],"serves":[176],"foundational":[179],"backbone":[180],"can":[182],"be":[183],"extended":[184],"different":[186],"applied":[189],"both":[191],"mobile":[192],"static":[194],"scenarios.":[195,212],"verified":[198],"effectiveness":[200],"approach":[204],"enhancing":[206],"particularly":[209],"few-shot":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
