{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403722241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3485792","title":"Hybrid Carrier-Code and Reference Index Modulation in DCSK System With Time-Frequency Resources","display_name":"Hybrid Carrier-Code and Reference Index Modulation in DCSK System With Time-Frequency Resources","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403722241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3485792"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2024.3485792","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3485792","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100780367","display_name":"Gang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6519-2491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085286867","display_name":"Xibiao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8465-4284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xibiao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102488428","display_name":"Yanan Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanan Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017315415","display_name":"Zhongtao Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4458-1698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongtao Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100780367"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4359,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63846001,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"3","first_page":"4148","last_page":"4162"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.596176028251648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5466790795326233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-modulation","display_name":"Frequency modulation","score":0.5169196128845215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5090188980102539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation-index","display_name":"Modulation index","score":0.48832938075065613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.43276557326316833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.37984803318977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.37787020206451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3211607336997986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27204209566116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23998749256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.2347378134727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.20759975910186768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.1145639717578888}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.596176028251648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5466790795326233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.5169196128845215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5090188980102539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776635522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11883093","display_name":"Modulation index","level":4,"score":0.48832938075065613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.43276557326316833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.37984803318977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.37787020206451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3211607336997986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27204209566116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23998749256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.2347378134727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.20759975910186768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1145639717578888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2024.3485792","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3485792","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504535869","https://openalex.org/W1999988379","https://openalex.org/W2010531158","https://openalex.org/W2103941230","https://openalex.org/W2106015652","https://openalex.org/W2108581165","https://openalex.org/W2109529167","https://openalex.org/W2128070739","https://openalex.org/W2130718348","https://openalex.org/W2136787699","https://openalex.org/W2162591675","https://openalex.org/W2165689099","https://openalex.org/W2275669737","https://openalex.org/W2290238700","https://openalex.org/W2328902286","https://openalex.org/W2398714011","https://openalex.org/W2530364118","https://openalex.org/W2540924152","https://openalex.org/W2736203699","https://openalex.org/W2744485539","https://openalex.org/W2793931757","https://openalex.org/W2915847935","https://openalex.org/W2969207338","https://openalex.org/W2984582683","https://openalex.org/W2991996055","https://openalex.org/W3108219631","https://openalex.org/W3110235012","https://openalex.org/W3111243755","https://openalex.org/W3134469453","https://openalex.org/W3206561491","https://openalex.org/W3210185685","https://openalex.org/W3211550843","https://openalex.org/W3214934572","https://openalex.org/W4225335693","https://openalex.org/W4226266619","https://openalex.org/W4249210728","https://openalex.org/W4288061959","https://openalex.org/W4319998020","https://openalex.org/W4321770581","https://openalex.org/W4360975681","https://openalex.org/W4361801470","https://openalex.org/W4366310801","https://openalex.org/W4384080697"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2352428375","https://openalex.org/W2123843669","https://openalex.org/W2363948004","https://openalex.org/W2084806543","https://openalex.org/W2073153319","https://openalex.org/W2978977704","https://openalex.org/W2042468323","https://openalex.org/W3008274582","https://openalex.org/W4387474130","https://openalex.org/W2242959163"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,48],"this":[1,49,152],"paper,":[2],"to":[3,88,97,121,169,195],"meet":[4],"the":[5,8,79,90,94,104,123,135,158,177,180,184,187,190],"demand":[6],"for":[7],"rapid":[9],"growth":[10],"of":[11,44,69,134,157,171,179,186],"data":[12,18,100,160],"traffic,":[13],"we":[14,24],"design":[15],"a":[16,26,74,197],"high":[17],"rate":[19,127],"chaotic":[20],"communication":[21,200],"scheme.":[22],"Consequently,":[23],"propose":[25],"differential":[27],"chaos":[28],"shift":[29],"keying":[30],"(DCSK)":[31],"system":[32,137,192],"with":[33,93],"hybrid":[34],"carrier-code":[35,109],"and":[36,59,115,144,166,183],"reference":[37,52,60,76,95],"index":[38,61,110],"modulation,":[39],"which":[40],"makes":[41],"full":[42],"use":[43],"time-frequency":[45],"resources":[46],"(HCCRIM-TF-DCSK).":[47],"system,":[50],"orthogonal":[51],"signals":[53],"are":[54,149],"generated":[55],"using":[56],"Gram-Schmidt":[57],"algorithm,":[58],"modulation":[62],"is":[63,86,113,119,193],"performed":[64],"in":[65,83],"each":[66,70],"time":[67],"slot":[68],"subcarrier":[71],"by":[72],"discarding":[73],"chosen":[75],"signal.":[77],"Additionally,":[78],"selected":[80],"Walsh":[81],"code":[82],"active":[84],"subcarriers":[85],"used":[87],"perform":[89],"Kronecker":[91],"product":[92],"signal":[96],"achieve":[98],"higher":[99],"rates.":[101],"Furthermore,":[102,151],"at":[103],"receiver,":[105],"an":[106,155],"efficient":[107],"joint":[108],"detection":[111],"algorithm":[112],"proposed,":[114],"noise":[116,142],"reduction":[117],"processing":[118],"employed":[120],"improve":[122],"system's":[124,159],"bit":[125],"error":[126],"(BER)":[128],"performance.":[129],"The":[130],"theoretical":[131,181],"BER":[132],"expressions":[133],"HCCRIM-TF-DCSK":[136,191],"over":[138],"additive":[139],"white":[140],"Gaussian":[141],"(AWGN)":[143],"multipath":[145],"Rayleigh":[146],"fading":[147],"channels":[148],"derived.":[150],"paper":[153],"provides":[154],"analysis":[156],"rate,":[161],"spectral":[162],"efficiency,":[163],"energy":[164],"efficiency":[165],"complexity":[167],"compared":[168],"those":[170],"advanced":[172],"competitors.":[173],"Simulation":[174],"results":[175],"confirm":[176],"accuracy":[178],"derivations":[182],"superiority":[185],"system.":[188],"Overall,":[189],"expected":[194],"become":[196],"cost-effective":[198],"wireless":[199],"solution.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
