{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403677182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3483204","title":"An Efficient Model for Few-Shot Automatic Modulation Recognition Based on Supervised Contrastive Learning","display_name":"An Efficient Model for Few-Shot Automatic Modulation Recognition Based on Supervised Contrastive Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403677182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3483204"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2024.3483204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3483204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071155684","display_name":"Weisi Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5655-9538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weisi Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory on ISN, School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","State Key Laboratory on ISN, School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5655-9538","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory on ISN, School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory on ISN, School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016146461","display_name":"Xun Jiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4476-2501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802541053","display_name":"Academy of Military Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bv3c993","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802541053"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xun Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Engineering Research Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Engineering Research Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802541053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100569927","display_name":"Yuhua Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2261-305X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802541053","display_name":"Academy of Military Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bv3c993","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802541053"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhua Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Engineering Research Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Engineering Research Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802541053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029054262","display_name":"Bolin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4402-5686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802541053","display_name":"Academy of Military Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bv3c993","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802541053"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bolin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Engineering Research Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4402-5686","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Engineering Research Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802541053"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019050606","display_name":"Qinghai Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0636-3681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinghai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory on ISN, School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","State Key Laboratory on ISN, School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0636-3681","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory on ISN, School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory on ISN, School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071155684"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9579,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80404394,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"2","first_page":"3533","last_page":"3538"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9322999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.9232000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5646898150444031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5272476077079773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.47877562046051025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.44947099685668945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/one-shot","display_name":"One shot","score":0.4445044994354248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shot","display_name":"Shot (pellet)","score":0.42772725224494934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-target-recognition","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","score":0.4200867712497711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3954775035381317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3239492177963257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25075745582580566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14395973086357117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.14013993740081787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.12434107065200806}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5646898150444031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5272476077079773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.47877562046051025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.44947099685668945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992734406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413267","display_name":"One shot","level":2,"score":0.4445044994354248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778344882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278938","display_name":"Shot (pellet)","level":2,"score":0.42772725224494934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117623542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621974","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","level":3,"score":0.4200867712497711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3954775035381317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3239492177963257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25075745582580566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14395973086357117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.14013993740081787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.12434107065200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2024.3483204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3483204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2272847350","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2995727660","https://openalex.org/W3000943722","https://openalex.org/W3008872739","https://openalex.org/W3032977069","https://openalex.org/W3095073866","https://openalex.org/W3155899199","https://openalex.org/W3193052805","https://openalex.org/W3216409427","https://openalex.org/W4205590867","https://openalex.org/W4210557982","https://openalex.org/W4293195393","https://openalex.org/W4365801635","https://openalex.org/W4368232854","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4386736487","https://openalex.org/W6758685805","https://openalex.org/W6776700526","https://openalex.org/W6810313614"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2497720472","https://openalex.org/W4292659306","https://openalex.org/W3044321615","https://openalex.org/W2806221744","https://openalex.org/W2326937258","https://openalex.org/W394267150","https://openalex.org/W2773965352","https://openalex.org/W4294892107","https://openalex.org/W2357748469","https://openalex.org/W2392917037"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"application":[1],"of":[2,12,25,39,71,119,126],"deep":[3],"learning":[4,63],"(DL)":[5],"has":[6],"improved":[7],"the":[8,37,68,72,85,100,113,120,124,127],"reliability":[9],"and":[10,74,87,106,116,123],"intelligence":[11],"automatic":[13],"modulation":[14],"recognition":[15,101],"(AMR).":[16],"However,":[17],"real-world":[18],"scenarios":[19],"often":[20],"involve":[21],"a":[22,75,92],"limited":[23],"number":[24],"signal":[26],"samples.":[27],"Furthermore,":[28],"most":[29],"existing":[30],"DL-based":[31],"AMR":[32,56],"models":[33],"improve":[34],"performance":[35,102],"at":[36],"cost":[38],"computational":[40],"complexity.":[41],"Therefore,":[42],"we":[43],"propose":[44],"an":[45],"efficient":[46],"contrastive":[47,62],"multi-stage":[48],"sparse":[49],"attention":[50],"network":[51],"(CMSSAN)":[52],"model":[53,128],"for":[54],"few-shot":[55],"without":[57],"auxiliary":[58],"datasets.":[59,133],"Specifically,":[60],"supervised":[61],"is":[64,81,96,129],"utilized":[65],"to":[66,83,98],"enhance":[67,99],"feature":[69],"representation":[70,86],"signal,":[73],"joint":[76],"loss":[77],"with":[78,103],"dynamic":[79],"weights":[80],"constructed":[82],"balance":[84],"classification":[88],"tasks.":[89],"In":[90],"addition,":[91],"lightweight":[93],"MSSAN":[94],"encoder":[95],"proposed":[97,121],"lower":[104],"computations":[105],"parameters.":[107],"Simulation":[108],"experiments":[109],"are":[110],"conducted":[111],"on":[112,131],"ablation":[114],"experiment":[115],"hyperparameter":[117],"analysis":[118],"model,":[122],"superiority":[125],"verified":[130],"several":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-15T08:27:34.491423","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
