{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402041445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3451659","title":"RIS-Aided Beamforming Design for MIMO Systems via Unified Manifold Optimization","display_name":"RIS-Aided Beamforming Design for MIMO Systems via Unified Manifold Optimization","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402041445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3451659"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2024.3451659","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3451659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080510974","display_name":"Kai Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5078-4665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kai Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5078-4665","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037095625","display_name":"Jinfeng Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9480-5242"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131342","display_name":"Yibin University","ror":"https://ror.org/03w8m2977","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131342"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinfeng Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yibin Institute of UESTC, Yibin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9480-5242","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yibin Institute of UESTC, Yibin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100785158","display_name":"Huiyong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3183-6161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiyong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3183-6161","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100339141","display_name":"Ren Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0529-9913"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ren Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Academy of Aerospace Science and Innovation, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Academy of Aerospace Science and Innovation, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087764243","display_name":"Dongxu An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7570-6302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongxu An","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7570-6302","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087392444","display_name":"Gangyong Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6657-7200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gangyong Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6657-7200","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078754231","display_name":"Kah Chan Teh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-2565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kah Chan Teh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-2565","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075696071","display_name":"Cunhua Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5286-7958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cunhua Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5286-7958","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005913897","display_name":"Yonina C. Eldar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4358-5304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53964585","display_name":"Weizmann Institute of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0316ej306","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonina C. Eldar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Math and CS, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4358-5304","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Math and CS, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080510974"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0029,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86912244,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"1","first_page":"674","last_page":"685"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7637916803359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6173639297485352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.53875333070755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46137747168540955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manifold","display_name":"Manifold (fluid mechanics)","score":0.4571416974067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.33702003955841064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.13171827793121338}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7637916803359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6173639297485352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.53875333070755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46137747168540955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529865628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790740","display_name":"Manifold (fluid mechanics)","level":2,"score":0.4571416974067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33702003955841064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13171827793121338}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2024.3451659","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3451659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5602937271","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62231006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W89654658","https://openalex.org/W2402588523","https://openalex.org/W2586063770","https://openalex.org/W2946722229","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W3005476696","https://openalex.org/W3012004564","https://openalex.org/W3021225717","https://openalex.org/W3035386068","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3086311908","https://openalex.org/W3091842477","https://openalex.org/W3094164592","https://openalex.org/W3098797675","https://openalex.org/W3135300342","https://openalex.org/W3149825481","https://openalex.org/W3177791460","https://openalex.org/W3199941339","https://openalex.org/W3206176820","https://openalex.org/W4223635971","https://openalex.org/W4225737845","https://openalex.org/W4226061238","https://openalex.org/W4284678912","https://openalex.org/W4285237044","https://openalex.org/W4288071896","https://openalex.org/W4308624735","https://openalex.org/W4312763750","https://openalex.org/W4320018439","https://openalex.org/W4364322798","https://openalex.org/W4377231518","https://openalex.org/W4378697233","https://openalex.org/W4379116905","https://openalex.org/W4383960546","https://openalex.org/W4385413464","https://openalex.org/W4385696213","https://openalex.org/W4386824700","https://openalex.org/W4388145689","https://openalex.org/W4388286191","https://openalex.org/W4388820244","https://openalex.org/W4388837980","https://openalex.org/W4389610158","https://openalex.org/W4390547417","https://openalex.org/W4392796630","https://openalex.org/W6603640814"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W2376244802","https://openalex.org/W1971477554","https://openalex.org/W2158075901","https://openalex.org/W818226659","https://openalex.org/W2923631784","https://openalex.org/W2130785056","https://openalex.org/W2567141277","https://openalex.org/W2132841313","https://openalex.org/W2727286692"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reconfigurable":[0],"Intelligent":[1],"Surface":[2],"(RIS)":[3],"can":[4,133],"enhance":[5],"spectral":[6,50,62,80,194],"efficiency":[7,63,81,195],"in":[8,17,192],"Multiple-Input":[9],"Multiple-Output":[10],"(MIMO)":[11],"communication":[12],"systems.":[13],"A":[14],"specific":[15],"challenge":[16],"this":[18],"context":[19],"involves":[20],"codesigning":[21],"the":[22,45,59,99,106,112,115,120,136,139,144,155,159,183],"nonconvex":[23,46],"phase":[24,177],"shifts":[25],"for":[26,168],"RIS":[27,113,137,176],"and":[28,114,138,175],"a":[29,33,70,127,163,172],"precoding":[30,121,140,173],"matrix":[31,122,141,174],"with":[32],"complex":[34,116],"sphere":[35,117],"constraint,":[36],"where":[37],"these":[38],"coupled":[39],"variables":[40],"are":[41],"used":[42],"to":[43,83,96,146,189],"formulate":[44],"objective":[47],"of":[48,61,111,119,171],"maximizing":[49],"efficiency.":[51],"Most":[52],"existing":[53,206],"methods":[54],"do":[55],"not":[56],"directly":[57,97],"address":[58],"maximization":[60],"problem":[64,73,145,153],"but":[65],"instead":[66],"relax":[67],"it":[68],"into":[69],"sum-path-gain-maximization":[71],"(SPGM)":[72],"before":[74],"solving":[75],"it,":[76],"which":[77],"may":[78],"degrade":[79],"due":[82],"large":[84],"relaxation":[85],"gap.":[86],"We":[87],"propose":[88],"an":[89,150],"efficient":[90],"Unified":[91],"Manifold":[92],"Optimization":[93],"(UMO)":[94],"framework":[95],"solve":[98],"problem.":[100],"This":[101],"is":[102],"achieved":[103],"through":[104],"utilizing":[105],"inherent":[107],"constant":[108],"modulus":[109],"characteristic":[110,118],"constraint.":[123],"Specifically,":[124],"we":[125,161],"construct":[126],"unified":[128],"manifold":[129],"space":[130],"(UMS)":[131],"that":[132,182],"simultaneously":[134],"satisfy":[135],"constraints,":[142],"enabling":[143],"be":[147],"rephrased":[148],"as":[149],"unconstrained":[151],"Riemannian":[152],"over":[154],"UMS.":[156],"Based":[157],"on":[158],"UMS,":[160],"derive":[162],"parallel":[164],"conjugate":[165],"gradient":[166],"algorithm":[167,199],"simultaneous":[169],"optimization":[170],"shifts.":[178],"Simulation":[179],"outcomes":[180],"indicate":[181],"proposed":[184],"method":[185],"excels":[186],"when":[187],"compared":[188],"current":[190],"approaches":[191],"achieving":[193],"enhancement.":[196],"Furthermore,":[197],"our":[198],"has":[200],"lower":[201],"computational":[202],"cost":[203],"than":[204],"several":[205],"techniques.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2025-12-26T23:08:49.675405","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
