{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399343883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3409088","title":"Base Station Clock Offset of Cellular Measurements and Its Impact on Positioning","display_name":"Base Station Clock Offset of Cellular Measurements and Its Impact on Positioning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399343883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3409088"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2024.3409088","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3409088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019617706","display_name":"Ivan Lapin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1847-5499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44377176","display_name":"European Space Research and Technology Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03h3jqn23","country_code":"NL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801994115","https://openalex.org/I44377176"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Lapin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radio Navigation Systems and Techniques Section of the Radio Frequency Systems Division, European Space Agency, Noordwijk, The Netherlands","Radio Navigation Systems and Techniques Section of the Radio Frequency Systems Division European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radio Navigation Systems and Techniques Section of the Radio Frequency Systems Division, European Space Agency, Noordwijk, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44377176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radio Navigation Systems and Techniques Section of the Radio Frequency Systems Division European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44377176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083585913","display_name":"Gonzalo Seco\u2010Granados","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2494-6872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gonzalo Seco-Granados","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telecommunications and Systems Engineering, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telecommunications and Systems Engineering, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077829839","display_name":"Jaron Samson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44377176","display_name":"European Space Research and Technology Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03h3jqn23","country_code":"NL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801994115","https://openalex.org/I44377176"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaron Samson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radio Navigation Systems and Techniques Section of the Radio Frequency Systems Division, European Space Agency, Noordwijk, The Netherlands","Radio Navigation Systems and Techniques Section of the Radio Frequency Systems Division European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radio Navigation Systems and Techniques Section of the Radio Frequency Systems Division, European Space Agency, Noordwijk, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44377176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radio Navigation Systems and Techniques Section of the Radio Frequency Systems Division European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44377176"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068453679","display_name":"J.A. Garc\u00eda-Molina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6955-1159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44377176","display_name":"European Space Research and Technology Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03h3jqn23","country_code":"NL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801994115","https://openalex.org/I44377176"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio Garcia-Molina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radio Navigation Systems and Techniques Section of the Radio Frequency Systems Division, European Space Agency, Noordwijk, The Netherlands","Radio Navigation Systems and Techniques Section of the Radio Frequency Systems Division European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radio Navigation Systems and Techniques Section of the Radio Frequency Systems Division, European Space Agency, Noordwijk, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44377176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radio Navigation Systems and Techniques Section of the Radio Frequency Systems Division European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44377176"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019617706"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44377176"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3343,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87845055,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"10","first_page":"15553","last_page":"15566"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13248","display_name":"Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring","score":0.9230999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13248","display_name":"Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring","score":0.9230999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.732410192489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.5369114279747009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.47232598066329956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.46242326498031616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-radio","display_name":"Cellular radio","score":0.4618474841117859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-offset","display_name":"Frequency offset","score":0.42123281955718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base","display_name":"Base (topology)","score":0.4144606590270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3825445771217346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3541907072067261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3526778221130371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.14460641145706177}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.732410192489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5369114279747009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.47232598066329956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.46242326498031616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986910011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Cellular radio","level":3,"score":0.4618474841117859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.42123281955718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4144606590270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3825445771217346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3541907072067261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3526778221130371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.14460641145706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2024.3409088","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3409088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963164960","https://openalex.org/W2027071573","https://openalex.org/W2141154078","https://openalex.org/W2149681708","https://openalex.org/W2154621370","https://openalex.org/W2322695148","https://openalex.org/W2472946096","https://openalex.org/W2522792133","https://openalex.org/W2538954804","https://openalex.org/W2600921989","https://openalex.org/W2618376619","https://openalex.org/W2772690873","https://openalex.org/W2781561575","https://openalex.org/W2791639158","https://openalex.org/W2801608170","https://openalex.org/W2904616723","https://openalex.org/W2906229647","https://openalex.org/W2979830514","https://openalex.org/W2980111825","https://openalex.org/W3107014291","https://openalex.org/W3129392806","https://openalex.org/W3130713666","https://openalex.org/W3134592264","https://openalex.org/W3172248582","https://openalex.org/W3207422227","https://openalex.org/W4291801100","https://openalex.org/W4379876698","https://openalex.org/W4385194724","https://openalex.org/W4386776842","https://openalex.org/W4390412907"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355410874","https://openalex.org/W2381536890","https://openalex.org/W2566723838","https://openalex.org/W3199890592","https://openalex.org/W2069462490","https://openalex.org/W2123293166","https://openalex.org/W2089411671","https://openalex.org/W2171000794","https://openalex.org/W1608361902","https://openalex.org/W2113854338"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Positioning":[0],"with":[1,27],"cellular":[2,48,59,136,271,276],"networks":[3],"can":[4,119,293],"serve":[5],"as":[6,10],"a":[7,11,92,103,213,269,289],"backup":[8],"or":[9,101,162],"complement":[12],"to":[13,198,280,303],"the":[14,46,51,68,77,85,88,96,111,117,126,141,165,172,176,189,195,199,217,225,228,231,238,248,259,275,296],"Global":[15],"Navigation":[16],"Satellite":[17],"System":[18],"(GNSS),":[19],"making":[20],"it":[21],"relevant":[22],"for":[23,155],"autonomous":[24],"vehicle":[25],"navigation":[26],"integrity":[28],"monitoring.":[29],"The":[30,129,186,208,235,256,285],"position":[31,118,298],"is":[32,76,133,212,266],"computed":[33],"using":[34,102,135],"code":[35,70,249],"phase":[36,39,71,74,191,250,253],"and":[37,61,72,251],"carrier":[38,73,190,252],"measurements":[40,60,75,137,192,277],"that":[41,107,194,221,243,288],"are":[42,181,203,278],"obtained":[43],"by":[44,139],"tracking":[45,140,178],"downlink":[47,69],"signals":[49],"in":[50,121,268,273],"receiver.":[52],"Integrity":[53],"monitoring":[54],"requires":[55],"rigorous":[56],"characterization":[57],"of":[58,67,87,125,146,164,175,188,216,237,258],"modeling":[62],"errors.":[63],"An":[64],"important":[65],"component":[66],"base":[78],"station":[79],"(BS)":[80],"clock":[81,90,98,104,112,131,170,201,218,261,290,307],"offset,":[82],"which":[83,274],"represents":[84],"deviation":[86],"BS":[89,97,130,153,200,226,260,306],"from":[91],"reference":[93,143,233],"clock.":[94,234],"Leaving":[95],"offset":[99,132,202,262],"uncorrected":[100,305],"prediction":[105,291],"model":[106,292],"does":[108],"not":[109],"fit":[110],"dynamics":[113],"properly":[114],"when":[115,224,301],"computing":[116],"result":[120],"an":[122,304],"unacceptable":[123],"degradation":[124],"positioning":[127,264],"performance.":[128],"studied":[134],"collected":[138],"cell-specific":[142],"signal":[144,166],"(CRS)":[145],"two":[147],"commercially":[148],"operated":[149],"long-term":[150],"evolution":[151],"(LTE)":[152],"uninterruptedly":[154],"eleven":[156],"days.":[157],"To":[158],"avoid":[159],"cycle":[160],"slips":[161],"losses":[163],"lock":[167],"during":[168,282],"high":[169],"dynamics,":[171],"optimal":[173],"bandwidths":[174],"receiver":[177],"loop":[179],"filters":[180],"first":[182],"determined":[183],"via":[184],"simulations.":[185],"analysis":[187,241],"shows":[193],"main":[196],"contributor":[197],"regular":[204],"oscillator":[205,209,219],"frequency":[206,210,220],"jumps.":[207],"jump":[211],"sudden":[214],"change":[215],"might":[222],"occur":[223],"steers":[227],"clocks":[229,254],"toward":[230],"primary":[232],"results":[236,286],"code-minus-carrier":[239],"(CMC)":[240],"show":[242,287],"both":[244],"monitored":[245],"stations":[246],"adjust":[247],"coherently.":[255],"impact":[257],"on":[263],"performance":[265],"evaluated":[267],"terrestrial":[270],"scenario,":[272],"used":[279],"coast":[281],"GNSS":[283],"unavailability.":[284],"significantly":[294],"reduce":[295],"horizontal":[297],"error":[299],"(HPE)":[300],"compared":[302],"offset.":[308]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}