{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396982229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3399935","title":"When Are Sensing Symbols Required for ISAC?","display_name":"When Are Sensing Symbols Required for ISAC?","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396982229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3399935"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2024.3399935","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3399935","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3399935","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067503323","display_name":"Murat Babek Salman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1594-9513"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murat Babek Salman","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1594-9513","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030697206","display_name":"\u00d6zlem Tu\u011ffe Demir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9059-2799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13236232","display_name":"TOBB University of Economics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03ewx7v96","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13236232"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00d6zlem Tu\u011ffe Demir","raw_affiliation_strings":["TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Türkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9059-2799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Türkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13236232"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062293532","display_name":"Emil Bj\u00f6rnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5954-434X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emil Bj\u00f6rnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5954-434X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":{"value":1249,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1347},"fwci":2.5568,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89829191,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"10","first_page":"15709","last_page":"15714"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.23489999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.23489999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5070798397064209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.36910831928253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3322177529335022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5070798397064209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.36910831928253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3322177529335022}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2024.3399935","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3399935","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2024.3399935","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3399935","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322327","display_name":"Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse","ror":"https://ror.org/004hzzk67"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031653048","https://openalex.org/W2159639733","https://openalex.org/W3194620979","https://openalex.org/W3199941339","https://openalex.org/W3200629432","https://openalex.org/W3217082557","https://openalex.org/W4205204500","https://openalex.org/W4226264160","https://openalex.org/W4293573919","https://openalex.org/W4313555867","https://openalex.org/W4323345732","https://openalex.org/W4361801952","https://openalex.org/W4376607526","https://openalex.org/W4385696213","https://openalex.org/W4385819679","https://openalex.org/W4390187627"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W4395014643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"beamforming":[3],"strategies":[4],"for":[5,18,72,111],"integrated":[6],"sensing":[7,55,82,90,100,114,120],"and":[8,62,92],"communication":[9,38,52],"(ISAC)":[10],"systems,":[11],"where":[12],"shared":[13],"signal":[14],"resources":[15],"are":[16],"employed":[17],"these":[19],"services.":[20],"The":[21],"proposed":[22],"framework":[23],"focuses":[24],"on":[25],"maximizing":[26],"the":[27,32,37,42,46,78,96,103,109],"signal-to-noise":[28],"ratio":[29,49],"(SNR)":[30],"of":[31,51,80,98],"target":[33],"echo":[34],"while":[35],"satisfying":[36],"rate":[39],"requirement.":[40],"Addressing":[41],"challenges":[43],"posed":[44],"by":[45,116],"higher":[47],"peak-to-average-power":[48],"(PAPR)":[50],"waveforms":[53],"than":[54],"waveforms,":[56],"we":[57],"provide":[58],"a":[59,86],"detailed":[60],"analysis":[61],"offer":[63],"valuable":[64],"insights":[65],"into":[66],"power":[67],"assignment":[68],"techniques":[69],"that":[70,77],"account":[71],"PAPR":[73],"considerations.":[74],"We":[75],"reveal":[76],"integration":[79],"constant-modulus":[81,119],"signals":[83,101],"results":[84,94],"in":[85,89],"substantial":[87],"enhancement":[88],"SNR,":[91],"numerical":[93],"underscore":[95],"effectiveness":[97],"leveraging":[99],"within":[102],"ISAC":[104],"framework.":[105],"These":[106],"findings":[107],"highlight":[108],"potential":[110],"achieving":[112],"superior":[113],"performance":[115],"using":[117],"dedicated":[118],"signals.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}