{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394586001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3385509","title":"Hybrid-Field Beam-Split Pattern Detection-Based Channel Estimation for THz XL-MIMO Systems","display_name":"Hybrid-Field Beam-Split Pattern Detection-Based Channel Estimation for THz XL-MIMO Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394586001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3385509"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2024.3385509","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3385509","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041805983","display_name":"Jiayi Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9239-9405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayi Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway System, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9239-9405","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway System, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100612301","display_name":"Jiayi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2434-4329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway System, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2434-4329","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway System, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107559555","display_name":"Hao Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6448-5057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway System, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6448-5057","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway System, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103063755","display_name":"Huahua Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5316-061X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098582","display_name":"ZTE (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rjhhq63","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767749","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Mobile Networks and Mobile Multimedia Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05cd55294","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582","https://openalex.org/I4391767749"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huahua Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["ZTE Corporation and State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5316-061X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZTE Corporation and State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582","https://openalex.org/I4391767749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114706300","display_name":"Zhaohua Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1761-3544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098582","display_name":"ZTE (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rjhhq63","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767749","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Mobile Networks and Mobile Multimedia Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05cd55294","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582","https://openalex.org/I4391767749"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaohua Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["ZTE Corporation and State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1761-3544","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZTE Corporation and State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582","https://openalex.org/I4391767749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100620739","display_name":"Bo Ai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6850-0595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Ai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway System, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6850-0595","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway System, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3846,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80393234,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"9","first_page":"13944","last_page":"13949"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6210299730300903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5608305335044861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5311576128005981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.4375913739204407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4170602560043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.37548795342445374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.35827282071113586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.27433449029922485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.25431376695632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.190572589635849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1361175775527954}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6210299730300903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5608305335044861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5311576128005981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.4375913739204407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4170602560043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37548795342445374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.35827282071113586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.27433449029922485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.25431376695632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.190572589635849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1361175775527954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2024.3385509","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3385509","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5331489779","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62221001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6711389198","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20212002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7052355602","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022JBQY004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2622044750","https://openalex.org/W3169820186","https://openalex.org/W3208187232","https://openalex.org/W4226370247","https://openalex.org/W4285192749","https://openalex.org/W4309270041","https://openalex.org/W4312848937","https://openalex.org/W4364322798","https://openalex.org/W4365790499","https://openalex.org/W4366336780","https://openalex.org/W4372267407","https://openalex.org/W4377235539","https://openalex.org/W4381948590","https://openalex.org/W4384787987","https://openalex.org/W4386362890","https://openalex.org/W4390496060"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2545343974","https://openalex.org/W4291895924","https://openalex.org/W1783583321","https://openalex.org/W2038397443","https://openalex.org/W2941374357","https://openalex.org/W2026727497","https://openalex.org/W4388520214","https://openalex.org/W2164866798","https://openalex.org/W1976502299","https://openalex.org/W2088459095"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"letter,":[2],"we":[3,29,61,81],"delve":[4],"into":[5],"the":[6,22,25,31,44,70,78,83,92,104],"uplink":[7],"channel":[8,65,85],"estimation":[9,66,79,86],"for":[10],"terahertz":[11],"extremely":[12],"large-scale":[13],"multiple-input":[14],"multiple-output":[15],"(XL-MIMO)":[16],"communication":[17,36],"systems,":[18],"focusing":[19],"on":[20,91],"both":[21],"polar":[23],"and":[24,46,54,87],"angle":[26],"domains.":[27],"Specifically,":[28],"explore":[30],"pervasive":[32],"implementation":[33],"of":[34],"hybrid-field":[35,64,106],"in":[37,111],"XL-MIMO":[38],"scenarios,":[39],"addressing":[40],"challenges":[41],"such":[42],"as":[43,96,98],"beam-split":[45,71],"power":[47],"interference":[48],"effects":[49],"caused":[50],"by":[51],"bandwidth":[52],"expansion":[53],"dense":[55],"scatterer":[56],"environments.":[57],"As":[58],"a":[59,63],"solution,":[60],"present":[62],"approach":[67],"that":[68,103],"utilizes":[69],"pattern":[72],"detection":[73],"method.":[74],"Furthermore,":[75],"to":[76],"enhance":[77],"accuracy,":[80],"prioritize":[82],"near-field":[84],"minimize":[88],"its":[89],"impact":[90],"far-field":[93],"path":[94],"components":[95],"much":[97],"possible.":[99],"Simulation":[100],"results":[101],"validate":[102],"proposed":[105],"scheme":[107],"outperforms":[108],"benchmark":[109],"algorithms":[110],"normalized":[112],"mean":[113],"square":[114],"error":[115],"(NMSE)":[116],"performance.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}