{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391952613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3367362","title":"Enabling Deep Learning-Based Physical-Layer Secret Key Generation for FDD-OFDM Systems in Multi-Environments","display_name":"Enabling Deep Learning-Based Physical-Layer Secret Key Generation for FDD-OFDM Systems in Multi-Environments","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391952613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3367362"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2024.3367362","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3367362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100639543","display_name":"Xinwei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1267-5182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinwei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013730149","display_name":"Guyue Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1145-1168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guyue Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","Purple Mountain Laboratories for Network and Communication Security, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories for Network and Communication Security, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100717357","display_name":"Junqing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3502-2926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junqing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032500064","display_name":"Linning Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5859-7119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linning Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","Purple Mountain Laboratories for Network and Communication Security, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories for Network and Communication Security, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075678549","display_name":"Aiqun Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0398-4899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aiqun Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, and National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","Purple Mountain Laboratories for Network and Communication Security, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, and National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories for Network and Communication Security, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100733413","display_name":"Xianbin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4890-0748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianbin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100639543"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6965,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93437441,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"7","first_page":"10135","last_page":"10149"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.7504061460494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.662899374961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.6181421875953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5546935796737671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5287922024726868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.4616173207759857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3956013321876526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3456898331642151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.33730947971343994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.24193039536476135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.2118360996246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.21127918362617493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.20920544862747192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.09319767355918884}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.7504061460494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.662899374961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.6181421875953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5546935796737671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5287922024726868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.4616173207759857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3956013321876526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3456898331642151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33730947971343994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.24193039536476135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.2118360996246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.21127918362617493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.20920544862747192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.09319767355918884}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2024.3367362","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3367362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G313579050","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V027697/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5910807253","display_name":"A New Frontier For Internet of Things Security: Far-Flung Key Generation","funder_award_id":"EP/V027697/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G601026658","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8853341699","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A2001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1542791059","https://openalex.org/W1957358593","https://openalex.org/W1980053810","https://openalex.org/W2050947749","https://openalex.org/W2488265751","https://openalex.org/W2500883043","https://openalex.org/W2769041090","https://openalex.org/W2804692329","https://openalex.org/W2897627692","https://openalex.org/W2946340226","https://openalex.org/W2949133694","https://openalex.org/W2956025352","https://openalex.org/W2979924295","https://openalex.org/W3013594094","https://openalex.org/W3081455451","https://openalex.org/W3100120649","https://openalex.org/W3105108969","https://openalex.org/W3110675837","https://openalex.org/W3134205660","https://openalex.org/W3170956499","https://openalex.org/W3173945359","https://openalex.org/W3184310029","https://openalex.org/W3196745225","https://openalex.org/W3210411944","https://openalex.org/W4200344915","https://openalex.org/W4229366080","https://openalex.org/W4229595775","https://openalex.org/W4243494487","https://openalex.org/W4255375128","https://openalex.org/W4285160334","https://openalex.org/W4285704036","https://openalex.org/W4381733055","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6736057607","https://openalex.org/W6804349719"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2792339401","https://openalex.org/W2530747331","https://openalex.org/W3097525855","https://openalex.org/W2125564215","https://openalex.org/W2517776947","https://openalex.org/W1986382998","https://openalex.org/W2084482193","https://openalex.org/W2972611783","https://openalex.org/W2063393180","https://openalex.org/W2369501245"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning-based":[1,70],"physical-layer":[2],"secret":[3],"key":[4,34,108],"generation":[5,35],"(PKG)":[6],"has":[7],"been":[8],"used":[9],"to":[10,84,117,133],"overcome":[11],"the":[12,43,50,62,74,119,122,131,144,148,156,163,168,176],"imperfect":[13],"uplink/downlink":[14],"channel":[15,103],"reciprocity":[16],"in":[17,38,65,90,121],"frequency":[18,23],"division":[19,24],"duplexing":[20],"(FDD)":[21],"orthogonal":[22],"multiplexing":[25],"(OFDM)":[26],"systems.":[27],"However,":[28],"existing":[29],"efforts":[30],"have":[31],"focused":[32],"on":[33],"for":[36,56,107],"users":[37],"a":[39,69],"specific":[40],"environment":[41],"where":[42],"training":[44,115],"samples":[45,48],"and":[46,79,88,101,125,129,137,150],"test":[47],"follow":[49],"same":[51],"distribution,":[52],"which":[53],"is":[54],"unrealistic":[55],"real-world":[57],"applications.":[58],"This":[59],"paper":[60],"formulates":[61],"PKG":[63],"problem":[64,71],"multiple":[66,91],"environments":[67,83],"as":[68,77],"by":[72],"learning":[73,99],"knowledge":[75],"such":[76],"data":[78],"models":[80],"from":[81],"known":[82,123],"generate":[85],"keys":[86],"quickly":[87,127],"efficiently":[89],"new":[92,134],"environments.":[93,135],"Specifically,":[94],"we":[95],"propose":[96],"deep":[97],"transfer":[98],"(DTL)":[100],"meta-learning-based":[102],"feature":[104],"mapping":[105],"algorithms":[106,112,152],"generation.":[109],"The":[110],"two":[111],"use":[113],"different":[114],"methods":[116,145],"pre-train":[118],"model":[120,132],"environments,":[124],"then":[126],"adapt":[128],"deploy":[130],"Simulation":[136],"experimental":[138],"results":[139],"show":[140],"that":[141,167],"compared":[142],"with":[143,179],"without":[146],"adaptation,":[147],"DTL":[149,177],"meta-learning":[151,169],"both":[153],"can":[154,171],"improve":[155],"performance":[157,174],"of":[158],"generated":[159],"keys.":[160],"In":[161],"addition,":[162],"complexity":[164],"analysis":[165],"shows":[166],"algorithm":[170,178],"achieve":[172],"better":[173],"than":[175],"less":[180],"cost.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}