{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391454332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3360998","title":"UAV-Enabled Robust Covert Communication Against Active Wardens","display_name":"UAV-Enabled Robust Covert Communication Against Active Wardens","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391454332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3360998"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2024.3360998","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3360998","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006245019","display_name":"Fangtao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2044-2810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fangtao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2044-2810","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100407167","display_name":"Chao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4893-1533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4893-1533","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079909747","display_name":"Jun Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2642-5512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2642-5512","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010826342","display_name":"Na Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9565-559X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Na Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9565-559X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100656619","display_name":"Nan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6497-7799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6497-7799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100448724","display_name":"Yonghui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-1123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonghui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-1123","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006245019"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":53.2781,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99857031,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"6","first_page":"9159","last_page":"9164"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9753999710083008,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.6350314617156982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5475320816040039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.5449210405349731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5446358323097229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.5386614203453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coordinate-descent","display_name":"Coordinate descent","score":0.45895251631736755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.43464499711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.43298518657684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.4308820068836212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4162904620170593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3342837691307068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28786909580230713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.28118234872817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2707614600658417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.23106136918067932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.20729371905326843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1950756013393402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.12983083724975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1120278537273407}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.6350314617156982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5475320816040039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.5449210405349731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5446358323097229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.5386614203453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157553263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5168004","display_name":"Coordinate descent","level":2,"score":0.45895251631736755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.43464499711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.43298518657684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4308820068836212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4162904620170593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3342837691307068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28786909580230713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.28118234872817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2707614600658417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.23106136918067932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.20729371905326843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1950756013393402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.12983083724975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1120278537273407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2024.3360998","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2024.3360998","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1320095198","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371086","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3813970528","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371462","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4718972896","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U23A20271","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8609962665","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022Z001063001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327472","funder_display_name":"Chinese Aeronautical Establishment"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327472","display_name":"Chinese Aeronautical Establishment","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2268751503","https://openalex.org/W2903188535","https://openalex.org/W2914952404","https://openalex.org/W2963061782","https://openalex.org/W2987093331","https://openalex.org/W3125553008","https://openalex.org/W3168495756","https://openalex.org/W3199874112","https://openalex.org/W3210687573","https://openalex.org/W3210852996","https://openalex.org/W4205796536","https://openalex.org/W4225751074","https://openalex.org/W4285128105","https://openalex.org/W4285286300","https://openalex.org/W4323022479","https://openalex.org/W4323896844","https://openalex.org/W4362500847","https://openalex.org/W4383212206"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205456143","https://openalex.org/W2915576678","https://openalex.org/W3113896794","https://openalex.org/W2756132392","https://openalex.org/W2773948804","https://openalex.org/W3035814349","https://openalex.org/W4285101096","https://openalex.org/W4382725876","https://openalex.org/W2084892497","https://openalex.org/W2115614142"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"correspondence":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,37,44,71,87],"robust":[4,93],"unmanned":[5],"aerial":[6],"vehicle":[7],"(UAV)":[8],"enabled":[9],"covert":[10,39,96],"communication":[11],"system":[12],"with":[13],"active":[14,99],"ground":[15],"wardens":[16],"of":[17,30],"collusive":[18],"detection":[19],"and":[20,27,56,62,76,92],"location":[21],"uncertainty.":[22],"The":[23,48],"three-dimensional":[24],"(3D)":[25],"trajectory":[26],"transmit":[28],"power":[29],"UAV":[31],"are":[32],"jointly":[33],"optimized":[34],"to":[35,43,53,80],"maximize":[36],"average":[38],"transmission":[40],"rate":[41],"subject":[42],"worst-case":[45],"covertness":[46],"constraint.":[47],"problem":[49],"is":[50,67,90],"intractable":[51],"due":[52],"its":[54],"nonconvexity":[55],"semi-":[57],"positive":[58],"definite":[59],"matrix":[60],"constraint,":[61],"an":[63],"iterative":[64],"suboptimal":[65],"algorithm":[66],"proposed":[68,88],"based":[69],"on":[70],"block":[72],"coordinate":[73],"descent,":[74],"S-procedure":[75],"successive":[77],"convex":[78],"optimization":[79],"tackle":[81],"it.":[82],"Numerical":[83],"results":[84],"demonstrate":[85],"that":[86],"scheme":[89],"effective":[91],"for":[94],"UAV-enabled":[95],"communications":[97],"against":[98],"wardens.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}