{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388018833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3328636","title":"Energy-Efficient Communication Networks via Multiple Aerial Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: DRL and Optimization Approach","display_name":"Energy-Efficient Communication Networks via Multiple Aerial Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: DRL and Optimization Approach","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388018833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3328636"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3328636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3328636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2207.03149","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054911644","display_name":"Pyae Sone Aung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8331-6729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pyae Sone Aung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8331-6729","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080491022","display_name":"Yu Min Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8836-4500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Min Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8836-4500","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090437841","display_name":"Yan Kyaw Tun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8557-0082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Kyaw Tun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8557-0082","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063667378","display_name":"Zhu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-5822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["KR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-5822","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034052371","display_name":"Choong Seon Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3484-7333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Choong Seon Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3484-7333","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3837,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96571405,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"3","first_page":"4277","last_page":"4292"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9803000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6746724843978882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6357585787773132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6188357472419739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6187025904655457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.5879641175270081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5431574583053589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.46257832646369934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.4561161696910858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4273698925971985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.42078855633735657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.4141940772533417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.4103381037712097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.37697046995162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.35504257678985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.32504165172576904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.31277287006378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24717730283737183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.20172923803329468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1380172073841095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11247673630714417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.110272616147995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6746724843978882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6357585787773132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6188357472419739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6187025904655457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.5879641175270081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5431574583053589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.46257832646369934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.4561161696910858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4273698925971985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.42078855633735657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.4141940772533417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.4103381037712097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.37697046995162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.35504257678985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.32504165172576904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.31277287006378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24717730283737183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.20172923803329468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1380172073841095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11247673630714417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.110272616147995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3328636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3328636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/72668158-4228-48de-a27b-08d9474d1fff","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/72668158-4228-48de-a27b-08d9474d1fff","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2207.03149","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Aung, P S, Park, Y M, Tun, Y K, Han, Z & Hong, C S 2024, 'Energy-Efficient Communication Networks via Multiple Aerial Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces : DRL and Optimization Approach', I E E E Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 4277-4292. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2023.3328636","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/72668158-4228-48de-a27b-08d9474d1fff","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/72668158-4228-48de-a27b-08d9474d1fff","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2207.03149","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Aung, P S, Park, Y M, Tun, Y K, Han, Z & Hong, C S 2024, 'Energy-Efficient Communication Networks via Multiple Aerial Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces : DRL and Optimization Approach', I E E E Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 4277-4292. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2023.3328636","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6382054056","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2023-00207816","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335199","display_name":"Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/02zq38y32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388018833.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388018833.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093124599","https://openalex.org/W2113274749","https://openalex.org/W2136734438","https://openalex.org/W2206930994","https://openalex.org/W2268751503","https://openalex.org/W2290883490","https://openalex.org/W2736601468","https://openalex.org/W2767768852","https://openalex.org/W2803565980","https://openalex.org/W2886509985","https://openalex.org/W2890950736","https://openalex.org/W2891191577","https://openalex.org/W2903254326","https://openalex.org/W2919338369","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2962684895","https://openalex.org/W2962943958","https://openalex.org/W2963061782","https://openalex.org/W2963523817","https://openalex.org/W2963697941","https://openalex.org/W2964023906","https://openalex.org/W3005112765","https://openalex.org/W3005759659","https://openalex.org/W3006762012","https://openalex.org/W3009175007","https://openalex.org/W3019497660","https://openalex.org/W3021557739","https://openalex.org/W3021587675","https://openalex.org/W3034281970","https://openalex.org/W3034533409","https://openalex.org/W3039402952","https://openalex.org/W3042419363","https://openalex.org/W3043543211","https://openalex.org/W3045780692","https://openalex.org/W3089190064","https://openalex.org/W3103493968","https://openalex.org/W3109039904","https://openalex.org/W3115455179","https://openalex.org/W3133541004","https://openalex.org/W3133999295","https://openalex.org/W3157217691","https://openalex.org/W3159402647","https://openalex.org/W3167603521","https://openalex.org/W3168061659","https://openalex.org/W3185482389","https://openalex.org/W3197523458","https://openalex.org/W3206152335","https://openalex.org/W3207916696","https://openalex.org/W3209026227","https://openalex.org/W4206911500","https://openalex.org/W4226025603","https://openalex.org/W4285115932","https://openalex.org/W4285211491","https://openalex.org/W4285223664","https://openalex.org/W4290996346","https://openalex.org/W4290996464","https://openalex.org/W4293143556","https://openalex.org/W4312427174","https://openalex.org/W4312565786","https://openalex.org/W6692846177","https://openalex.org/W6741002519"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4365807906","https://openalex.org/W2157864637","https://openalex.org/W4223416141","https://openalex.org/W2105999282","https://openalex.org/W1922070205","https://openalex.org/W2136902318","https://openalex.org/W2287071596","https://openalex.org/W2169192185","https://openalex.org/W2103590590","https://openalex.org/W2515629000"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,23,44,48,77,92,105,108,113,132,192],"realm":[2],"of":[3,46,87,117,119,131,194],"wireless":[4],"communications":[5],"in":[6],"5G,":[7],"6G":[8],"and":[9,110,128,150,171],"beyond,":[10],"deploying":[11],"unmanned":[12],"aerial":[13],"vehicle":[14],"(UAV)":[15],"has":[16,36],"been":[17,188],"an":[18,61],"innovative":[19],"approach":[20],"to":[21,27,76,89,103,143,178,190],"extend":[22],"coverage":[24],"area":[25],"due":[26],"its":[28],"easy":[29],"deployment.":[30],"Moreover,":[31],"reconfigurable":[32],"intelligent":[33],"surface":[34],"(RIS)":[35],"also":[37],"emerged":[38],"as":[39,51,53],"a":[40,84],"new":[41],"paradigm":[42],"with":[43,91],"goals":[45],"enhancing":[47],"average":[49],"sum-rate":[50],"well":[52],"energy":[54],"efficiency.":[55],"By":[56],"combining":[57],"these":[58,180],"attractive":[59],"features,":[60],"energy-efficient":[62],"RIS-mounted":[63],"multiple":[64,99,133],"UAVs":[65],"(aerial":[66],"RISs:":[67],"ARISs)":[68],"assisted":[69],"downlink":[70],"communication":[71,106,135],"system":[72,136],"is":[73,137,141,147,156],"studied.":[74],"Due":[75],"obstruction,":[78],"user":[79],"equipments":[80],"(UEs)":[81],"can":[82],"have":[83,187],"poor":[85],"line":[86],"sight":[88],"communicate":[90],"base":[93],"station":[94],"(BS).":[95],"To":[96,152],"solve":[97,144,179],"this,":[98,154],"ARISs":[100],"are":[101,176],"implemented":[102],"assist":[104],"between":[107],"BS":[109],"UEs.":[111],"Then,":[112],"joint":[114],"optimization":[115,169,173],"problem":[116,140],"deployment":[118],"ARIS,":[120],"ARIS":[121],"reflecting":[122],"elements":[123],"on/off":[124],"states,":[125],"phase":[126],"shift,":[127],"power":[129],"control":[130],"ARISs-assisted":[134],"formulated.":[138],"The":[139],"challenging":[142],"since":[145],"it":[146,155],"mixed-integer,":[148],"non-convex,":[149],"NP-hard.":[151],"overcome":[153],"decomposed":[157],"into":[158],"three":[159],"sub-problems.":[160],"Afterward,":[161],"successive":[162],"convex":[163],"approximation":[164],"(SCA),":[165],"actor-critic":[166],"proximal":[167],"policy":[168],"(AC-PPO),":[170],"whale":[172],"algorithm":[174],"(WOA)":[175],"employed":[177],"sub-problems":[181],"alternatingly.":[182],"Finally,":[183],"extensive":[184],"simulation":[185],"results":[186],"generated":[189],"illustrate":[191],"efficacy":[193],"our":[195],"proposed":[196],"algorithms.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}