{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387250208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3319495","title":"The Challenges of Driving Mode Switching in Automated Vehicles: A Review","display_name":"The Challenges of Driving Mode Switching in Automated Vehicles: A Review","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387250208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3319495"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3319495","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3319495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037027582","display_name":"Lin Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2658-8629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lin Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2658-8629","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082753916","display_name":"Hai Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9480-9852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113138","display_name":"Guangzhou Automobile Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/026fzn952","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113138"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automobile and Mechanical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China","Automotive Engineering Research Institute of Guangzhou Automobile Group Co Ltd, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9480-9852","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automobile and Mechanical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automotive Engineering Research Institute of Guangzhou Automobile Group Co Ltd, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028027099","display_name":"Jing Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1385-4577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1385-4577","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031991761","display_name":"Dongpu Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7929-4336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongpu Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7929-4336","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100327639","display_name":"Xin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9172-7330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037027582"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.1314,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98851588,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"2","first_page":"1777","last_page":"1791"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.7555223107337952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.6469402313232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.5945163369178772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5290811657905579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5124021172523499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5072202682495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driving-simulator","display_name":"Driving simulator","score":0.5032050013542175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4741491675376892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.40826940536499023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.38211241364479065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3123108148574829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.24194806814193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.14516672492027283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11955487728118896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.7555223107337952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.6469402313232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.5945163369178772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5290811657905579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5124021172523499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5072202682495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780689630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081815","display_name":"Driving simulator","level":2,"score":0.5032050013542175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4741491675376892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.40826940536499023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.38211241364479065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3123108148574829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.24194806814193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.14516672492027283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11955487728118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3319495","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3319495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1756125327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52172399","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G272932426","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52175088","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G648966332","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52211530054","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":132,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512521472","https://openalex.org/W1526727645","https://openalex.org/W1738254596","https://openalex.org/W1971417956","https://openalex.org/W1973748529","https://openalex.org/W1985574396","https://openalex.org/W1989988171","https://openalex.org/W1991801742","https://openalex.org/W2011241895","https://openalex.org/W2016576151","https://openalex.org/W2021743130","https://openalex.org/W2024529169","https://openalex.org/W2025454081","https://openalex.org/W2027858690","https://openalex.org/W2032648383","https://openalex.org/W2037808869","https://openalex.org/W2038925006","https://openalex.org/W2059106952","https://openalex.org/W2083712240","https://openalex.org/W2117074369","https://openalex.org/W2144036167","https://openalex.org/W2179000108","https://openalex.org/W2294873883","https://openalex.org/W2301212998","https://openalex.org/W2311191605","https://openalex.org/W2525337062","https://openalex.org/W2530791092","https://openalex.org/W2546655401","https://openalex.org/W2548005016","https://openalex.org/W2555462363","https://openalex.org/W2556398113","https://openalex.org/W2566124080","https://openalex.org/W2566380931","https://openalex.org/W2567214837","https://openalex.org/W2579937995","https://openalex.org/W2586493865","https://openalex.org/W2617052221","https://openalex.org/W2621148128","https://openalex.org/W2740355521","https://openalex.org/W2745090846","https://openalex.org/W2766625971","https://openalex.org/W2790138085","https://openalex.org/W2791175902","https://openalex.org/W2793386563","https://openalex.org/W2802084971","https://openalex.org/W2802301334","https://openalex.org/W2808548511","https://openalex.org/W2886125012","https://openalex.org/W2886212664","https://openalex.org/W2887143516","https://openalex.org/W2890977584","https://openalex.org/W2892156502","https://openalex.org/W2897598046","https://openalex.org/W2898915764","https://openalex.org/W2903211045","https://openalex.org/W2910365726","https://openalex.org/W2912553060","https://openalex.org/W2921852856","https://openalex.org/W2928650848","https://openalex.org/W2930048631","https://openalex.org/W2936226753","https://openalex.org/W2939334764","https://openalex.org/W2943046732","https://openalex.org/W2943527661","https://openalex.org/W2943873164","https://openalex.org/W2946388607","https://openalex.org/W2947652593","https://openalex.org/W2947948862","https://openalex.org/W2948914987","https://openalex.org/W2961189692","https://openalex.org/W2962587770","https://openalex.org/W2973161263","https://openalex.org/W2973218919","https://openalex.org/W2980210295","https://openalex.org/W2990770888","https://openalex.org/W2998137241","https://openalex.org/W2999156422","https://openalex.org/W3000513982","https://openalex.org/W3003530481","https://openalex.org/W3006964865","https://openalex.org/W3007552921","https://openalex.org/W3007724338","https://openalex.org/W3008517613","https://openalex.org/W3008614963","https://openalex.org/W3009637260","https://openalex.org/W3010060752","https://openalex.org/W3014188303","https://openalex.org/W3031317513","https://openalex.org/W3033694584","https://openalex.org/W3035618011","https://openalex.org/W3039025876","https://openalex.org/W3040171481","https://openalex.org/W3040553521","https://openalex.org/W3042303719","https://openalex.org/W3043202512","https://openalex.org/W3104712730","https://openalex.org/W3112930281","https://openalex.org/W3117274621","https://openalex.org/W3123050036","https://openalex.org/W3123195191","https://openalex.org/W3127570140","https://openalex.org/W3128314484","https://openalex.org/W3128764679","https://openalex.org/W3136986532","https://openalex.org/W3137706189","https://openalex.org/W3148257878","https://openalex.org/W3151175129","https://openalex.org/W3154936559","https://openalex.org/W3157958660","https://openalex.org/W3161096153","https://openalex.org/W3169261419","https://openalex.org/W3174844659","https://openalex.org/W3185311446","https://openalex.org/W3188876300","https://openalex.org/W3199259082","https://openalex.org/W3200640742","https://openalex.org/W3211342332","https://openalex.org/W4200024060","https://openalex.org/W4211097982","https://openalex.org/W4214532691","https://openalex.org/W4226208010","https://openalex.org/W4226253395","https://openalex.org/W4289822292","https://openalex.org/W4293150172","https://openalex.org/W4293543035","https://openalex.org/W4294691676","https://openalex.org/W4295915949","https://openalex.org/W4310909069","https://openalex.org/W4312286648","https://openalex.org/W4312888831","https://openalex.org/W4322706756","https://openalex.org/W4382119270"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4309067354","https://openalex.org/W2069805764","https://openalex.org/W282528669","https://openalex.org/W2258033839","https://openalex.org/W4297884099","https://openalex.org/W3203668668","https://openalex.org/W4391055430","https://openalex.org/W3214769583","https://openalex.org/W2116812645","https://openalex.org/W1980239608"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,160],"conversion":[1],"between":[2,57,97],"automated":[3,13,60,74],"and":[4,20,53,59,65,81,100,131,141,149,165,174,195],"manual":[5,47,58],"driving":[6,24,37,48,61,70,98,120],"is":[7,40,67,83,86,116,158,172],"currently":[8],"an":[9],"inevitable":[10],"topic":[11],"for":[12,55,176,189],"vehicles.":[14],"Firstly,":[15],"from":[16,44],"the":[17,32,41,51,77,101,106,125,133,136,142,154],"concepts,":[18],"types,":[19],"key":[21],"issues":[22],"of":[23,127,135,146,162],"mode":[25,38,71,121],"switching,":[26],"this":[27],"paper":[28,184],"points":[29],"out":[30,88],"that":[31,69,89],"current":[33,143],"challenging":[34],"issue":[35],"with":[36,76],"switching":[39,56,72,122],"safe":[42],"switch":[43],"automatic":[45],"to":[46,109,152],"mode.":[49],"Secondly,":[50],"conditions":[52],"procedures":[54],"modes":[62,99],"are":[63,139,180],"described,":[64],"it":[66,115],"clarified":[68],"in":[73],"vehicles":[75],"L4":[78],"automation":[79],"level":[80],"below":[82],"unavoidable.":[84],"It":[85],"pointed":[87],"there":[90],"should":[91,103],"be":[92,104],"a":[93,187],"human-machine":[94],"co-driving":[95],"state":[96],"driver":[102,196],"provided":[105],"proper":[107],"guidance":[108],"ease":[110],"pressure":[111],"while":[112],"taking":[113],"over,":[114],"highlighted":[117],"by":[118],"summarizing":[119],"strategies.":[123],"Last,":[124],"methods":[126,175],"simulation":[128],"scenario":[129],"creation":[130],"evaluating":[132],"validity":[134],"simulated":[137],"experiment":[138],"summarized,":[140,173],"main":[144],"use":[145],"takeover":[147,156,166,170,178,197],"time":[148,167],"quality":[150],"indicators":[151],"evaluate":[153],"driver's":[155,163],"performance":[157,171,179],"clarified.":[159],"influence":[161],"workload":[164],"budget":[168],"on":[169],"enhancing":[177],"also":[181],"mentioned.":[182],"This":[183],"may":[185],"provide":[186],"reference":[188],"autonomous":[190],"vehicle":[191],"control":[192],"strategy":[193],"design":[194],"research.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
