{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387068215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3319407","title":"Active STAR-RIS Aided Cell-Free Massive MIMO: A Performance Study","display_name":"Active STAR-RIS Aided Cell-Free Massive MIMO: A Performance Study","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387068215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3319407"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3319407","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3319407","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084162678","display_name":"Xiangjun Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6104-4563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiangjun Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028336223","display_name":"Xianfu Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5229-458X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianfu Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034411238","display_name":"P. Takis Mathiopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3332-4699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Takis Mathiopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021191255","display_name":"Daniel Benevides da Costa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-7475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087059","display_name":"Technology Innovation Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001kv2y39","country_code":"AE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087059"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Benevides da Costa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technology Innovation Institute, Masdar City, United Arab Emirates"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology Innovation Institute, Masdar City, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087059"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084162678"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8674,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91378853,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"2","first_page":"2936","last_page":"2941"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-fading","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","score":0.790129542350769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6690014600753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.5610198974609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.5387284755706787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.532175600528717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.49118372797966003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4909854233264923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.4782392382621765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3440667390823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1918545365333557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.16268065571784973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56985126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854039","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","level":4,"score":0.790129542350769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6690014600753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.5610198974609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.5387284755706787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.532175600528717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.49118372797966003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4909854233264923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.4782392382621765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3440667390823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1918545365333557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.16268065571784973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3319407","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3319407","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1915117199","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271420","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2542673463","https://openalex.org/W2770606349","https://openalex.org/W2798330471","https://openalex.org/W2804290997","https://openalex.org/W2965123227","https://openalex.org/W2974046131","https://openalex.org/W3084194173","https://openalex.org/W3117633996","https://openalex.org/W3125788208","https://openalex.org/W3152961272","https://openalex.org/W3183031715","https://openalex.org/W3194660132","https://openalex.org/W3199152224","https://openalex.org/W3215641234","https://openalex.org/W4285163852","https://openalex.org/W4285238857","https://openalex.org/W4285281465","https://openalex.org/W4288062625"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2116044594","https://openalex.org/W2101999641","https://openalex.org/W1503152075","https://openalex.org/W301676527","https://openalex.org/W2052600062","https://openalex.org/W2124541664","https://openalex.org/W289296924","https://openalex.org/W2122920812","https://openalex.org/W2076148615","https://openalex.org/W2942696422"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,33,39,64,69,80,105,108],"spectral":[4],"efficiency":[5],"(SE)":[6],"of":[7,107],"an":[8,46,97],"active":[9,99],"simultaneously":[10],"transmitting":[11],"and":[12,37,45,75,93],"reflecting":[13],"reconfigurable":[14],"intelligent":[15],"surface":[16],"(aSTAR-RIS)":[17],"aided":[18],"cell-free":[19],"massive":[20],"multiple-input":[21],"multiple-output":[22],"(CF-mMIMO)":[23],"system":[24,34,71],"under":[25],"correlated":[26],"Rayleigh":[27],"fading.":[28],"In":[29],"order":[30],"to":[31,85,96],"improve":[32],"quality-of-service":[35],"(QoS)":[36],"suppress":[38],"pilot":[40,48],"contamination,":[41],"fractional":[42],"power":[43],"control":[44],"appropriate":[47],"assignment":[49],"are":[50],"adopted.":[51],"Furthermore,":[52],"a":[53],"large-scale":[54],"fading":[55],"decoding":[56],"(LSFD)":[57],"method":[58],"is":[59,72],"introduced,":[60],"based":[61],"on":[62],"which":[63],"analytical":[65],"SE":[66,87,106],"expression":[67],"for":[68],"considered":[70],"derived.":[73],"Numerical":[74],"simulation":[76],"results":[77],"show":[78],"that":[79],"adopted":[81],"LSFD":[82],"detection":[83],"leads":[84],"higher":[86],"than":[88],"maximal":[89],"ratio":[90],"combining":[91],"does,":[92],"as":[94],"compared":[95],"equivalent":[98],"RIS":[100],"scheme,":[101],"aSTAR-RIS":[102],"significantly":[103],"improves":[104],"CF-mMIMO":[109],"system.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}