{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386952225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3318259","title":"Parallel Offloading and Resource Optimization for Multi-Hop Ad Hoc Network-Enabled CBTC With Mobile Edge Computing","display_name":"Parallel Offloading and Resource Optimization for Multi-Hop Ad Hoc Network-Enabled CBTC With Mobile Edge Computing","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386952225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3318259"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3318259","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3318259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033729984","display_name":"Yujie Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9126-9733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yujie Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100457477","display_name":"Meng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5576-9883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100420016","display_name":"F. Richard Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1006-7594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Richard Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Digital and Intelligent Technologies and Systems, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Digital and Intelligent Technologies and Systems, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044158599","display_name":"Pengbo Si","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-2298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengbo Si","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100693487","display_name":"Ruizhe Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0582-4079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruizhe Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102997496","display_name":"Chunhai Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8726-2622"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunhai Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Traffic Control Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Traffic Control Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059542281","display_name":"Yanhua Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6477-1774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanhua Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033729984"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6119,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90418397,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"2","first_page":"2684","last_page":"2698"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7574828863143921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5592150688171387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.5500829815864563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5454062819480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/train","display_name":"Train","score":0.5444215536117554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.5386834144592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5357263684272766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5225531458854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.49925684928894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.4578401744365692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.4347071051597595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Mobile ad hoc network","score":0.4322342276573181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2746111750602722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.183560311794281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0724567174911499}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7574828863143921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5592150688171387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.5500829815864563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5454062819480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190839683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2448197","display_name":"Train","level":2,"score":0.5444215536117554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5386834144592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5357263684272766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5225531458854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.49925684928894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.4578401744365692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.4347071051597595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91280400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Mobile ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.4322342276573181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2746111750602722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.183560311794281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0724567174911499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3318259","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3318259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1436579664","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L211002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3155578932","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271324","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6133183526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019744040","https://openalex.org/W2034660857","https://openalex.org/W2045090944","https://openalex.org/W2083802085","https://openalex.org/W2103070089","https://openalex.org/W2331752510","https://openalex.org/W2493914771","https://openalex.org/W2582437105","https://openalex.org/W2624989916","https://openalex.org/W2799923404","https://openalex.org/W2887904881","https://openalex.org/W2888442703","https://openalex.org/W2896792012","https://openalex.org/W2905357302","https://openalex.org/W2912325671","https://openalex.org/W2945922882","https://openalex.org/W2971029656","https://openalex.org/W2998622473","https://openalex.org/W3010921708","https://openalex.org/W3016961082","https://openalex.org/W3036424625","https://openalex.org/W3049724326","https://openalex.org/W3128335622","https://openalex.org/W3129433628","https://openalex.org/W3171491275","https://openalex.org/W3184378552","https://openalex.org/W3188272948","https://openalex.org/W3196020550","https://openalex.org/W3208622187","https://openalex.org/W3209146133","https://openalex.org/W3215484517","https://openalex.org/W4200447014","https://openalex.org/W4205434059","https://openalex.org/W4205727993","https://openalex.org/W4206176461","https://openalex.org/W4210964642","https://openalex.org/W4283319631","https://openalex.org/W4285221364","https://openalex.org/W4285238060","https://openalex.org/W4285254773","https://openalex.org/W4285283446","https://openalex.org/W4286359849","https://openalex.org/W4289812648","https://openalex.org/W4289913096","https://openalex.org/W4292363360","https://openalex.org/W4292826034","https://openalex.org/W4295934714","https://openalex.org/W4296079598","https://openalex.org/W4308068588","https://openalex.org/W4308080040","https://openalex.org/W4312365266","https://openalex.org/W4312732395","https://openalex.org/W4312810024","https://openalex.org/W4318580233","https://openalex.org/W4319998055"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W618248309","https://openalex.org/W2377336366","https://openalex.org/W1568097102","https://openalex.org/W1601203902","https://openalex.org/W2075798043","https://openalex.org/W4390419160","https://openalex.org/W4225671779","https://openalex.org/W1123412569","https://openalex.org/W3013627169","https://openalex.org/W26370491"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,207],"emergence":[1],"of":[2,16,30,37,63,80,122,197],"communication-based":[3],"train":[4,18,32,82],"control":[5],"(CBTC)":[6],"system":[7,26,33,73],"within":[8],"urban":[9],"rail":[10],"transport":[11],"has":[12,215],"improved":[13],"the":[14,21,24,28,31,38,54,81,93,99,115,120,175,192,205],"efficiency":[15],"safe":[17],"operations.":[19],"At":[20],"same":[22],"time,":[23],"CBTC":[25,140],"enhances":[27],"reliability":[29],"and":[34,59,71,75,87,108,132,147,155,162,171,191],"lowers":[35],"latency":[36,86,170],"data":[39],"transmission.":[40],"Nevertheless,":[41],"there":[42],"are":[43,166],"still":[44],"certain":[45],"critical":[46],"issues":[47],"that":[48,183,211],"need":[49],"to":[50,84,113,128,168,203],"be":[51],"considered":[52],"in":[53,96],"CBTC:":[55],"1)":[56],"limited":[57],"coverage":[58],"high":[60],"maintenance":[61],"costs":[62],"wayside":[64],"equipment;":[65],"2)":[66],"multiple":[67],"ground":[68],"devices":[69],"configuration":[70],"complex":[72],"architecture;":[74],"3)":[76],"insufficient":[77],"computing":[78,125,131,145,161],"capacity":[79],"leads":[83],"heavy":[85],"energy":[88,172],"consumption.":[89,173],"To":[90],"cope":[91],"with":[92,105,119],"above":[94],"problems,":[95],"this":[97],"article,":[98],"multi-hop":[100,151],"ad":[101,152],"hoc":[102,153],"network":[103,154],"coexisting":[104],"train-to-train":[106],"communication":[107,110,133,163],"train-to-wayside":[109],"is":[111,142,178,184,201],"applied":[112],"simplify":[114],"networking":[116],"architecture,":[117],"together":[118],"employment":[121],"mobile":[123],"edge":[124],"(MEC)":[126],"servers":[127],"provide":[129],"massive":[130],"resources":[134],"for":[135,144],"trains.":[136],"Meantime,":[137],"a":[138,179,187],"new":[139],"framework":[141],"developed":[143],"offloading":[146,159],"resource":[148,164],"allocation":[149,165],"via":[150],"MEC.":[156],"Offloading":[157],"decisions,":[158],"ratio,":[160],"integrated":[167],"minimize":[169],"Furthermore,":[174],"proposed":[176,213],"problem":[177,182],"mixed-integer":[180],"non-convex":[181],"transformed":[185],"into":[186],"solvable":[188],"convex":[189],"problem,":[190],"consensus":[193],"alternating":[194],"direction":[195],"method":[196,214],"multipliers-based":[198],"(ADMM)":[199],"algorithm":[200],"employed":[202],"solve":[204],"problem.":[206],"simulation":[208],"results":[209],"show":[210],"our":[212],"remarkable":[216],"advantages":[217],"over":[218],"other":[219],"schemes.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
