{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379528687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3283404","title":"Two-Stage Self-Adaptive Task Outsourcing Decision Making for Edge-Assisted Multi-UAV Networks","display_name":"Two-Stage Self-Adaptive Task Outsourcing Decision Making for Edge-Assisted Multi-UAV Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379528687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3283404"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3283404","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3283404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039532704","display_name":"Soyi Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8435-0646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57664883","display_name":"Ajou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzb2h73","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Soyi Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101629749","display_name":"Chanyoung Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7945-2362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chanyoung Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051196445","display_name":"Marco Levorato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6920-4189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Levorato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100368643","display_name":"Jae\u2010Hyun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4716-6916"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57664883","display_name":"Ajou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzb2h73","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae-Hyun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049202871","display_name":"Joongheon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2126-768X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57664883","display_name":"Ajou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzb2h73","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joongheon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039532704"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2775,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94958756,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7219599485397339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.6017626523971558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5453954339027405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5015871524810791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.45086321234703064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40217268466949463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.40112870931625366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17278912663459778}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7219599485397339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.6017626523971558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5453954339027405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5015871524810791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.45086321234703064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40217268466949463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.40112870931625366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17278912663459778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3283404","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3283404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3212871455","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1A4A1030775","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1641379095","https://openalex.org/W2040415385","https://openalex.org/W2094573402","https://openalex.org/W2508619106","https://openalex.org/W2517514816","https://openalex.org/W2563569793","https://openalex.org/W2590828533","https://openalex.org/W2765453820","https://openalex.org/W2807126412","https://openalex.org/W2904180942","https://openalex.org/W2909588767","https://openalex.org/W2919779463","https://openalex.org/W2944264834","https://openalex.org/W2969525674","https://openalex.org/W2970977083","https://openalex.org/W3013593665","https://openalex.org/W3054851355","https://openalex.org/W3054901684","https://openalex.org/W3085794392","https://openalex.org/W3133541004","https://openalex.org/W3154552588","https://openalex.org/W3155384079","https://openalex.org/W3163471424","https://openalex.org/W4205140704","https://openalex.org/W4205161126","https://openalex.org/W4205601520","https://openalex.org/W4285288618","https://openalex.org/W4290713307","https://openalex.org/W4301338920","https://openalex.org/W4302012890","https://openalex.org/W6713411898","https://openalex.org/W6845450678"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2787993192","https://openalex.org/W2158269427","https://openalex.org/W4381280689","https://openalex.org/W2847365777","https://openalex.org/W3128025644","https://openalex.org/W2355048207","https://openalex.org/W2750422482","https://openalex.org/W3125827053","https://openalex.org/W2920521957","https://openalex.org/W4214882840"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,163],"two-stage":[4,237],"novel":[5,236],"algorithm":[6,238],"for":[7,35,51,96,115],"intelligent":[8],"edge-assisted":[9],"multiple":[10,21],"unmanned":[11],"aerial":[12],"vehicles":[13],"(UAVs)":[14],"surveillance":[15,37,53],"services.":[16],"In":[17,73,168],"the":[18,56,67,71,74,110,136,141,145,199,223],"first":[19],"stage,":[20,76],"UAVs":[22,171],"determine":[23],"their":[24,212],"optimal":[25],"positions":[26],"to":[27,65,108,112,121,195,218,244],"detect":[28],"as":[29,33],"many":[30],"target":[31,57],"faces":[32,139],"possible":[34],"efficient":[36,240],"using":[38],"multi-agent":[39],"deep":[40],"reinforcement":[41],"learning":[42],"(MADRL).":[43],"Multi-UAVs":[44],"must":[45],"be":[46,148,190],"coordinated":[47],"and":[48,102,129,132,192,203,249],"optimally":[49],"positioned":[50],"effective":[52],"depending":[54],"on":[55,135],"person's":[58],"location.":[59],"It":[60],"is":[61,226],"also":[62],"significantly":[63],"important":[64],"consider":[66],"battery":[68],"performance":[69],"of":[70,138,166,180],"UAVs.":[72],"second":[75],"every":[77],"single":[78],"UAV":[79,154,200],"performs":[80],"face":[81,182],"identification":[82,124,183],"in":[83,140,155],"monitored":[84],"areas,":[85],"where":[86],"two":[87],"sequential":[88],"scheduling":[89,101,107],"methods":[90],"make":[91],"decisions:":[92],"(i)":[93],"edge":[94],"selection":[95],"remote":[97],"computing":[98,127,174,186,213],"via":[99],"max-weight":[100],"(ii)":[103],"transmit":[104],"power":[105,253],"allocation":[106],"deliver":[109],"images":[111,161],"scheduled":[113],"edges":[114,178,209],"time-average":[116],"energy":[117],"consumption":[118],"minimization":[119],"subject":[120],"stability.":[122],"The":[123],"execution":[125],"requires":[126],"power,":[128],"its":[130],"complexity":[131],"time":[133,221],"depend":[134],"number":[137],"captured":[142],"image.":[143],"Consequently,":[144],"task":[146,187],"cannot":[147],"fully":[149],"executed":[150],"by":[151,198],"an":[152],"individual":[153],"high":[156,164],"image":[157],"arrival":[158],"regimes":[159],"or":[160],"with":[162,215],"density":[165],"faces.":[167],"those":[169],"conditions,":[170],"can":[172],"leverage":[173],"support":[175],"from":[176],"nearby":[177],"capable":[179],"AI-based":[181],"tasks.":[184],"Importantly,":[185],"distribution":[188],"should":[189,210],"energy-efficient":[191],"delay-minimal":[193],"due":[194],"constraints":[196],"imposed":[197],"system's":[201],"characteristics":[202],"applications.":[204],"We":[205],"remark":[206],"that":[207],"selected":[208],"complete":[211],"tasks":[214],"similar":[216],"delay":[217],"minimize":[219],"idle":[220],"among":[222],"edges,":[224],"which":[225],"why":[227],"we":[228],"chose":[229],"min-max":[230],"scheduling.":[231],"To":[232],"summarize,":[233],"our":[234],"proposed":[235],"accomplishes":[239],"multi-UAV":[241],"positioning":[242],"corresponding":[243],"user-defined":[245],"weight":[246],"(overlapped":[247],"threshold)":[248],"minimizes":[250],"UAVs'":[251],"transmission":[252],"while":[254],"preserving":[255],"stability":[256],"constraints.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}