{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4378804625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3281636","title":"A Novel RIS-Aided Code Index Modulation Scheme With Low-Complexity Detection","display_name":"A Novel RIS-Aided Code Index Modulation Scheme With Low-Complexity Detection","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4378804625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3281636"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3281636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3281636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085798209","display_name":"Xiaoping Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55538621","display_name":"China Jiliang University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v1y0t93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55538621"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoping Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9678-4724","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55538621"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060537563","display_name":"Lina Bian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7185-1951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55538621","display_name":"China Jiliang University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v1y0t93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55538621"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lina Bian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7185-1951","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55538621"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101559678","display_name":"Zhengquan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3512-7103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111599522","display_name":"Jiangnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mkzax54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144214","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04jabhf80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144214"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengquan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Future Networks Innovation Institute and Changzhou Key Laboratory of 5 G + Industrial Internet Fusion Application, Jiangsu University of Technology (CM20223015), Jiangnan University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3512-7103","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Future Networks Innovation Institute and Changzhou Key Laboratory of 5 G + Industrial Internet Fusion Application, Jiangsu University of Technology (CM20223015), Jiangnan University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522","https://openalex.org/I4210144214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013177623","display_name":"Song Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8992-8275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27825529","display_name":"California State University Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/0294hxs80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27825529"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, California State University, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8992-8275","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, California State University, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27825529"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065457510","display_name":"Miaowen Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9638-7048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miaowen Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9638-7048","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5098,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82233096,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12989","display_name":"Ocular Disorders and Treatments","score":0.9753999710083008,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9070000052452087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.7181382775306702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.6473039388656616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6204372048377991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5631994009017944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detection-theory","display_name":"Detection theory","score":0.5444137454032898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.5174568295478821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5073334574699402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.5023691654205322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.463933527469635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4553114175796509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.4486909508705139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4464242458343506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4140129089355469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.37138083577156067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3356729745864868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.207828551530838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.18756377696990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16158992052078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1546003818511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.14046284556388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.0784887969493866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07358065247535706}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.7181382775306702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.6473039388656616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6204372048377991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5631994009017944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.5444137454032898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.5174568295478821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5073334574699402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5023691654205322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.463933527469635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4553114175796509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.4486909508705139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4464242458343506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4140129089355469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.37138083577156067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3356729745864868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.207828551530838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.18756377696990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16158992052078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1546003818511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.14046284556388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0784887969493866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07358065247535706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3281636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3281636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987807122","https://openalex.org/W2067605736","https://openalex.org/W2105734693","https://openalex.org/W2342573734","https://openalex.org/W2344487751","https://openalex.org/W2784665603","https://openalex.org/W2792937383","https://openalex.org/W2798333393","https://openalex.org/W2920444694","https://openalex.org/W2960627552","https://openalex.org/W2963896195","https://openalex.org/W2964014541","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2969072158","https://openalex.org/W2969205886","https://openalex.org/W2974867222","https://openalex.org/W2998223418","https://openalex.org/W3003174358","https://openalex.org/W3007389713","https://openalex.org/W3017311957","https://openalex.org/W3022137255","https://openalex.org/W3034780117","https://openalex.org/W3035386068","https://openalex.org/W3080375276","https://openalex.org/W3092363222","https://openalex.org/W3120094264","https://openalex.org/W3160700232","https://openalex.org/W3189209457","https://openalex.org/W3193709902","https://openalex.org/W3205723951","https://openalex.org/W4200012909","https://openalex.org/W4243696438","https://openalex.org/W4310416825","https://openalex.org/W4313054927","https://openalex.org/W4313318644","https://openalex.org/W4382119848","https://openalex.org/W6847442972"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2919167754","https://openalex.org/W2132453830","https://openalex.org/W3140124938","https://openalex.org/W2387156362","https://openalex.org/W2074073404","https://openalex.org/W4285814784","https://openalex.org/W2072903707","https://openalex.org/W1965055812","https://openalex.org/W1966535600","https://openalex.org/W2093613770"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,209],"order":[1],"to":[2,43,222,254],"achieve":[3,217],"high":[4],"throughput":[5],"and":[6,12,54,62,99,107,160,201,214,233],"low-power":[7],"consumption":[8],"of":[9,17,39,57,68,124,135,156,166,170,190,194,229,247,263],"the":[10,14,18,37,50,58,64,73,78,83,94,100,111,114,117,125,133,136,146,150,157,161,167,183,191,211,223,234,238,251,256,261],"transmitter":[11],"improve":[13],"error":[15,55,153,163,192,219],"performance":[16,56,193,220,257],"receiver,":[19],"a":[20,40,121,142,205,244],"novel":[21],"reconfigurable":[22],"intelligent":[23],"surface":[24],"(RIS)-aided":[25],"code":[26,42],"index":[27,38],"modulation":[28],"(RIS-CIM)":[29],"is":[30,173],"proposed":[31,184,212],"in":[32,116,188,237],"wireless":[33],"communications.":[34],"RIS-CIM":[35,185,241],"utilizes":[36],"spreading":[41],"convey":[44],"additional":[45],"information,":[46],"which":[47,119,172],"further":[48],"improves":[49],"spectral":[51],"efficiency":[52],"(SE)":[53],"receiver":[59],"by":[60,82,132,175,260],"adding":[61],"adjusting":[63],"reflected":[65],"phase":[66],"shift":[67],"low-cost":[69],"reflective":[70,248],"elements":[71,249],"at":[72,204,250],"RIS-aided":[74,252],"relay.":[75],"To":[76],"reduce":[77],"computational":[79,126,137],"complexity":[80,103,127,138],"incurred":[81],"maximum":[84],"likelihood":[85],"(ML)":[86],"detection,":[87,118],"we":[88],"propose":[89],"two":[90],"low-complexity":[91],"detections,":[92],"namely":[93],"match":[95],"correlation":[96],"(MC)":[97],"detection":[98,130,159,169,196,225],"optimal":[101],"low":[102],"(OLC)":[104],"detection.":[105],"MC":[106],"OLC":[108,168,215],"approaches":[109],"separate":[110],"dispreading":[112],"from":[113],"demodulation":[115],"achieves":[120],"significant":[122],"reduction":[123],"over":[128],"ML":[129,158,195,213,224],"demonstrated":[131],"analysis":[134,144],"measurements.":[139],"We":[140],"present":[141],"thorough":[143],"for":[145],"upper":[147],"bound":[148],"on":[149],"average":[151],"bit":[152,162],"probability":[154,164],"(ABEP)":[155],"(BEP)":[165],"RIS-CIM,":[171],"verified":[174],"numerical":[176],"simulations.":[177,239],"Numerical":[178],"simulations":[179],"also":[180],"demonstrate":[181],"that":[182],"performs":[186],"better":[187],"terms":[189],"than":[197],"several":[198],"existing":[199],"CIM":[200],"RIS-related":[202],"schemes":[203],"given":[206],"SE":[207,236],"setting.":[208],"addition,":[210],"detections":[216],"an":[218],"close":[221],"under":[226],"various":[227],"measures":[228],"signal-to-noise":[230],"ratio":[231],"(SNR)":[232],"increasing":[235],"Moreover,":[240],"can":[242],"utilize":[243],"large":[245],"number":[246],"relay":[253],"offset":[255],"degradation":[258],"caused":[259],"improvement":[262],"SE.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}