{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4377235261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3278459","title":"An Efficient Multi-Beam Generation Method for Millimeter-Wave Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface: Simulation and Measurement","display_name":"An Efficient Multi-Beam Generation Method for Millimeter-Wave Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface: Simulation and Measurement","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4377235261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3278459"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3278459","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3278459","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101987094","display_name":"Shengguo Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6506-7834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengguo Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6506-7834","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015179543","display_name":"Wankai Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1751-3457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wankai Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1751-3457","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033816216","display_name":"Zhexuan Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhexuan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9388-7429","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033299709","display_name":"Jinghe Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-3437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinghe Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-3437","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030548353","display_name":"Jifeng Lan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jifeng Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100640056","display_name":"Xin Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6008-9137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6008-9137","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045389968","display_name":"Yifei Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifei Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3474-1865","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375264","display_name":"Xiao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9660-9053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9660-9053","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013079905","display_name":"Shi Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-6021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-6021","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083141785","display_name":"Qiang Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2442-8357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2442-8357","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009237669","display_name":"Tie Jun Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5862-1497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tie Jun Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5862-1497","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.4017,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98673456,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"10","first_page":"13752","last_page":"13757"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9790999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9790999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.9132000207901001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.7660028338432312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.656632661819458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.6110544800758362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.5906277298927307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.5724700093269348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.5255167484283447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5189030766487122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2933325171470642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16718214750289917}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.7660028338432312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.656632661819458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.6110544800758362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.5906277298927307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5724700093269348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5255167484283447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5189030766487122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2933325171470642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16718214750289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3278459","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3278459","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1189086576","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20211511","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1305720250","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201138","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1644299733","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101124","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2394950313","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62288101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G342761634","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62231009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4968550222","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20220809","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5033343354","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61921004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5468035466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A2002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1669875312","https://openalex.org/W2082432933","https://openalex.org/W2138020668","https://openalex.org/W2143560894","https://openalex.org/W2473606342","https://openalex.org/W2942194308","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2963355537","https://openalex.org/W2984937369","https://openalex.org/W2995330189","https://openalex.org/W3001613668","https://openalex.org/W3038342299","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3089065083","https://openalex.org/W3100544904","https://openalex.org/W3104300639","https://openalex.org/W3121470477","https://openalex.org/W3129486236","https://openalex.org/W3182319815","https://openalex.org/W4229446988","https://openalex.org/W4288781640","https://openalex.org/W4308000044","https://openalex.org/W4323022492"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2532234348","https://openalex.org/W2371168111","https://openalex.org/W2494809169","https://openalex.org/W1576035430","https://openalex.org/W108084911","https://openalex.org/W2390392971","https://openalex.org/W4311224030","https://openalex.org/W4245236186","https://openalex.org/W2393440248","https://openalex.org/W1986776799"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reconfigurable":[0],"intelligent":[1],"surface":[2],"(RIS)":[3],"is":[4,27,46,55,78],"a":[5,37,52,100],"promising":[6],"technology":[7],"for":[8,23,30,58,83],"controlling":[9],"wireless":[10,24],"signals.":[11],"In":[12,49],"particular,":[13],"it":[14],"has":[15],"the":[16,41,67,90,94,112,117,142],"potential":[17],"to":[18,80,140],"provide":[19,136],"remarkable":[20],"performance":[21],"improvements":[22],"links,":[25],"which":[26,134],"especially":[28],"appealing":[29],"millimeter-wave":[31],"(mmWave)":[32],"communications.":[33,146],"With":[34],"this":[35,50],"purpose,":[36],"proper":[38],"design":[39],"of":[40,89,144],"RIS's":[42],"reflection":[43],"beam":[44],"patterns":[45,86,125],"highly":[47],"required.":[48],"paper,":[51],"direct":[53,91],"method":[54,77,92,119],"firstly":[56],"introduced":[57],"multi-beam":[59,75,85,124],"generations":[60],"based":[61],"on":[62,87],"RIS.":[63],"Then,":[64],"equipped":[65],"with":[66,126],"artificial":[68],"bee":[69],"colony":[70],"(ABC)":[71],"algorithm,":[72],"an":[73,127,137],"efficient":[74,138],"generation":[76],"proposed":[79,118],"configure":[81],"RIS":[82],"high-performance":[84],"top":[88],"as":[93],"initial":[95],"design.":[96],"Finally,":[97],"by":[98],"employing":[99],"fabricated":[101],"mmWave":[102,145],"RIS,":[103],"we":[104],"conduct":[105],"numerical":[106],"simulations":[107],"and":[108,111],"experimental":[109],"measurements,":[110],"measured":[113],"results":[114],"validate":[115],"that":[116],"can":[120],"obtain":[121],"higher-quality":[122],"RIS-based":[123],"average":[128],"7.96":[129],"dB":[130],"side-lobe":[131],"level":[132],"reduction,":[133],"may":[135],"way":[139],"enhance":[141],"capacity":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}