{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4376467284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3275203","title":"GPS-Aided Automatic Site Survey Method for WiFi RTT-Based Positioning","display_name":"GPS-Aided Automatic Site Survey Method for WiFi RTT-Based Positioning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4376467284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3275203"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3275203","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3275203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101747952","display_name":"Kyoung-Min Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kyoung-Min Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064886857","display_name":"Byeong-Ho Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8999-0861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Byeong-ho Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375234","display_name":"Eunji Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9403-6132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164379","display_name":"Seoul Media Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04ywg4h07","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164379"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eunji Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Institute of New Media and Communications, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Institute of New Media and Communications, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164379","https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100745874","display_name":"Seong-Cheol Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7896-5625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164379","display_name":"Seoul Media Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04ywg4h07","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164379"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seong-Cheol Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Institute of New Media and Communications, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Institute of New Media and Communications, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164379","https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086662320","display_name":"Jeongsik Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0615-345X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeongsik Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101747952"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.955,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86184551,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"10","first_page":"13120","last_page":"13129"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.8893816471099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.8114174604415894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.6764888167381287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.6704649925231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.5993937253952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5946953892707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-positioning-system","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","score":0.5635074377059937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5248546600341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assisted-gps","display_name":"Assisted GPS","score":0.46868211030960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.45535990595817566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positioning-system","display_name":"Positioning system","score":0.43217337131500244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2565224766731262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19343703985214233}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.8893816471099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.8114174604415894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.6764888167381287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.6704649925231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.5993937253952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5946953892707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187394410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","level":4,"score":0.5635074377059937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5248546600341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198613851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432394","display_name":"Assisted GPS","level":3,"score":0.46868211030960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.45535990595817566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778603505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning system","level":3,"score":0.43217337131500244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2565224766731262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19343703985214233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3275203","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3275203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3060764472","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2022R1F1A1074502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965006965","https://openalex.org/W2011224697","https://openalex.org/W2038357359","https://openalex.org/W2076250352","https://openalex.org/W2128337088","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W2808466409","https://openalex.org/W2891224819","https://openalex.org/W2896237406","https://openalex.org/W2903653767","https://openalex.org/W2917213362","https://openalex.org/W2941009020","https://openalex.org/W2946424330","https://openalex.org/W2951211023","https://openalex.org/W2963887447","https://openalex.org/W2974868440","https://openalex.org/W2985031189","https://openalex.org/W2990640186","https://openalex.org/W2992647966","https://openalex.org/W3000094246","https://openalex.org/W3005071118","https://openalex.org/W3011865838","https://openalex.org/W3018780933","https://openalex.org/W3027333559","https://openalex.org/W3040199298","https://openalex.org/W3041337306","https://openalex.org/W3044428684","https://openalex.org/W3048924972","https://openalex.org/W3091166279","https://openalex.org/W3098402900","https://openalex.org/W3105673350","https://openalex.org/W3110087837","https://openalex.org/W3110775787","https://openalex.org/W3120412245","https://openalex.org/W3126230087","https://openalex.org/W3174758125","https://openalex.org/W3196781102","https://openalex.org/W3200088175","https://openalex.org/W4213373033","https://openalex.org/W4293146093","https://openalex.org/W6781650239"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2338366266","https://openalex.org/W2910970047","https://openalex.org/W189713034","https://openalex.org/W2171782134","https://openalex.org/W2755401669","https://openalex.org/W2373655383","https://openalex.org/W2226364097","https://openalex.org/W2376506503","https://openalex.org/W2124945426","https://openalex.org/W2552390423"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,124],"fine":[1],"timing":[2],"measurement":[3],"protocol":[4],"defined":[5],"in":[6,68,131],"the":[7,20,41,60,80,91,100,104,112,120,129,137],"IEEE":[8],"802.11-2016":[9],"standard":[10],"leads":[11],"to":[12,40],"precise":[13],"ranging":[14,113],"between":[15],"WiFi":[16,23],"devices.":[17,70],"However,":[18],"because":[19],"locations":[21,105,142],"of":[22,43,106],"access":[24],"points":[25],"(APs)":[26],"are":[27],"required":[28],"for":[29],"locating":[30],"mobile":[31,69],"devices,":[32],"a":[33,72],"site":[34,55,77],"survey":[35,56],"must":[36],"be":[37,95,109],"performed":[38],"prior":[39],"deployment":[42],"positioning":[44,62,133],"services,":[45],"which":[46],"is":[47,83],"extremely":[48],"time-consuming.":[49],"This":[50],"article":[51],"studies":[52],"an":[53,75],"automated":[54],"method":[57],"that":[58,128],"utilize":[59],"global":[61],"system":[63],"(GPS)":[64],"and":[65,87,90,139],"built-in":[66,88],"sensors":[67],"When":[71],"user":[73],"enters":[74],"indoor":[76,92,122],"from":[78],"outside,":[79],"outside":[81],"trajectory":[82,93],"obtained":[84,115,135],"using":[85,111,136],"GPS":[86],"sensors,":[89],"can":[94,108],"estimated":[96,121,138],"solely":[97],"relying":[98],"on":[99,119],"sensor":[101],"measurements.":[102],"Thereafter,":[103],"APs":[107],"determined":[110],"results":[114,126],"at":[116],"multiple":[117],"positions":[118],"trajectory.":[123],"experimental":[125],"revealed":[127],"difference":[130],"average":[132],"error":[134],"perfect":[140],"AP":[141],"was":[143],"30":[144],"cm.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
