{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4353004344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3259999","title":"Multi-Object Tracking Based on a Novel Feature Image With Multi-Modal Information","display_name":"Multi-Object Tracking Based on a Novel Feature Image With Multi-Modal Information","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4353004344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3259999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3259999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3259999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003105240","display_name":"Yi An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2667-122X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96908189","display_name":"Xinjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gw8r13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi An","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","School of Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2667-122X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101825497","display_name":"Jialin Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4684-5212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jialin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074943287","display_name":"Yunhao Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9855-5359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunhao Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9855-5359","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100600900","display_name":"Huosheng Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5797-1412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huosheng Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5797-1412","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003105240"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992","https://openalex.org/I96908189"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4888,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84208194,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"8","first_page":"9909","last_page":"9921"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9743000268936157,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.8335103988647461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8183413147926331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.7028844952583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6476504802703857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.6382940411567688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5780360698699951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.550973117351532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4948720335960388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.49410107731819153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4710761606693268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal","display_name":"Modal","score":0.44621214270591736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3232455253601074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12912201881408691}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.8335103988647461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8183413147926331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.7028844952583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6476504802703857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.6382940411567688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5780360698699951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.550973117351532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4948720335960388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.49410107731819153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4710761606693268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71139939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194","display_name":"Modal","level":2,"score":0.44621214270591736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3232455253601074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12912201881408691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3259999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3259999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G175617247","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62173055","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3997431671","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61673083","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995903777","https://openalex.org/W2038943746","https://openalex.org/W2057710506","https://openalex.org/W2096930266","https://openalex.org/W2115579991","https://openalex.org/W2141461755","https://openalex.org/W2154889144","https://openalex.org/W2314369376","https://openalex.org/W2341848647","https://openalex.org/W2601027148","https://openalex.org/W2897529137","https://openalex.org/W2914958891","https://openalex.org/W2949121154","https://openalex.org/W2949708697","https://openalex.org/W2965620582","https://openalex.org/W2971306974","https://openalex.org/W2977487707","https://openalex.org/W2983227562","https://openalex.org/W2989738721","https://openalex.org/W3034681945","https://openalex.org/W3036783493","https://openalex.org/W3047772261","https://openalex.org/W3086436251","https://openalex.org/W3095753995","https://openalex.org/W3100953775","https://openalex.org/W3104778224","https://openalex.org/W3120048649","https://openalex.org/W3132607695","https://openalex.org/W3134560716","https://openalex.org/W3136115421","https://openalex.org/W3188754867","https://openalex.org/W3195775608","https://openalex.org/W3206199195","https://openalex.org/W4214516362","https://openalex.org/W4225574120","https://openalex.org/W4243962928","https://openalex.org/W4287765513","https://openalex.org/W6775668235","https://openalex.org/W6779032806","https://openalex.org/W6788345914","https://openalex.org/W6803635447"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3016928466","https://openalex.org/W4389574804","https://openalex.org/W2936725271","https://openalex.org/W3150655618","https://openalex.org/W2295788148","https://openalex.org/W1578717197","https://openalex.org/W3108295644","https://openalex.org/W2626737336","https://openalex.org/W2965594636","https://openalex.org/W2912550626"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-object":[0],"tracking":[1,22,188],"technology":[2],"plays":[3],"a":[4,20,48,51,56,69,111],"crucial":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,141],"many":[8],"applications,":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11],"autonomous":[12],"vehicles":[13],"and":[14,33,44,50,88,92,128,155],"security":[15],"monitoring.":[16],"This":[17],"paper":[18],"proposes":[19],"multi-object":[21,166,187],"framework":[23],"based":[24],"on":[25],"the":[26,40,65,77,86,95,121,137,142,152,158,163,171,176,180,184],"multi-modal":[27,153],"information":[28,159],"of":[29,90,97,151,165],"3D":[30,41],"point":[31,42,58],"clouds":[32],"color":[34,57],"images.":[35],"At":[36],"each":[37],"sampling":[38],"instant,":[39],"cloud":[43],"image":[45,73,83],"acquired":[46],"by":[47,64],"LiDAR":[49],"camera":[52],"are":[53,62,133],"fused":[54],"into":[55],"cloud,":[59],"where":[60],"objects":[61,91],"detected":[63],"Point-GNN":[66],"method.":[67],"And,":[68],"novel":[70],"height-intensity-density":[71],"(HID)":[72],"is":[74,101,117],"constructed":[75],"from":[76],"bird's":[78],"eye":[79],"view.":[80],"The":[81,145,168],"HID":[82,109],"truly":[84],"reflects":[85],"shapes":[87],"materials":[89],"effectively":[93,156],"avoids":[94],"influence":[96],"object":[98,104,125,130,138],"occlusion,":[99],"which":[100],"helpful":[102],"to":[103,119,135,161],"tracking.":[105,167],"In":[106],"two":[107],"sequential":[108],"images,":[110],"new":[112],"rotation":[113],"kernel":[114],"correlation":[115],"filter":[116],"proposed":[118,146,177],"predict":[120],"objects.":[122],"Furthermore,":[123],"an":[124,129],"retention":[126],"module":[127,132],"re-recognition":[131],"developed":[134],"overcome":[136],"matching":[139],"failure":[140],"in-between":[143],"frames.":[144],"method":[147,178],"takes":[148],"full":[149],"advantage":[150],"data":[154],"achieves":[157],"complementation":[160],"improve":[162],"accuracy":[164],"experiments":[169],"with":[170],"KITTI":[172],"dataset":[173],"show":[174],"that":[175],"has":[179],"best":[181],"performance":[182],"among":[183],"existing":[185],"traditional":[186],"methods.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-16T08:24:45.110214","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}