{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4323644411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3253826","title":"Relative Entropy-Based Constant-Envelope Beamforming for Target Detection in Large-Scale MIMO Radar With Low-Resoultion ADCs","display_name":"Relative Entropy-Based Constant-Envelope Beamforming for Target Detection in Large-Scale MIMO Radar With Low-Resoultion ADCs","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4323644411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3253826"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3253826","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3253826","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017638299","display_name":"Ziyang Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4498-2443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyang Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4498-2443","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037131275","display_name":"Linlong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4521-2026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linlong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4521-2026","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016456339","display_name":"Bowen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6366-1397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6366-1397","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100609137","display_name":"Julan Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1369-7025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julan Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100785158","display_name":"Huiyong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3183-6161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiyong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.5913,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96810789,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"8","first_page":"10090","last_page":"10106"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6684792041778564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6348919868469238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.49439406394958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predistortion","display_name":"Predistortion","score":0.4850832521915436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.4847090244293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4823572039604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.42928895354270935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4199824333190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.419790118932724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.41880208253860474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3541383147239685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2031414806842804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19330242276191711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.19326958060264587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.1188112199306488}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6684792041778564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6348919868469238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.49439406394958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778587875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239686","display_name":"Predistortion","level":4,"score":0.4850832521915436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.4847090244293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4823572039604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.42928895354270935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4199824333190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.419790118932724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.41880208253860474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3541383147239685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2031414806842804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19330242276191711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.19326958060264587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.1188112199306488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3253826","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3253826","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/57674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/57674","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 72 (8), 10090-10106 (2023)","raw_type":"peer reviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1572506951","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62231004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5731658278","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62031007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8450399159","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62001084","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1606470095","https://openalex.org/W1763302039","https://openalex.org/W1975981182","https://openalex.org/W1979657638","https://openalex.org/W1980235469","https://openalex.org/W1982222550","https://openalex.org/W2004294022","https://openalex.org/W2008049885","https://openalex.org/W2013850411","https://openalex.org/W2014304422","https://openalex.org/W2041287972","https://openalex.org/W2048185597","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2073445499","https://openalex.org/W2079800918","https://openalex.org/W2083241806","https://openalex.org/W2102258468","https://openalex.org/W2116908391","https://openalex.org/W2125399902","https://openalex.org/W2132679193","https://openalex.org/W2138356751","https://openalex.org/W2139652227","https://openalex.org/W2148744371","https://openalex.org/W2162325942","https://openalex.org/W2168803043","https://openalex.org/W2255702686","https://openalex.org/W2259391824","https://openalex.org/W2262641688","https://openalex.org/W2272804037","https://openalex.org/W2492827599","https://openalex.org/W2508393166","https://openalex.org/W2512356150","https://openalex.org/W2590141315","https://openalex.org/W2757012878","https://openalex.org/W2770997040","https://openalex.org/W2773094766","https://openalex.org/W2780206593","https://openalex.org/W2780231131","https://openalex.org/W2804117596","https://openalex.org/W2912359871","https://openalex.org/W2914202397","https://openalex.org/W2954276429","https://openalex.org/W2963783167","https://openalex.org/W2964023610","https://openalex.org/W2974263275","https://openalex.org/W2975924451","https://openalex.org/W2991298682","https://openalex.org/W2992135154","https://openalex.org/W3034284943","https://openalex.org/W3034305644","https://openalex.org/W3099088829","https://openalex.org/W3104202225","https://openalex.org/W3161757074","https://openalex.org/W3209183793","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4300223101","https://openalex.org/W6654277983","https://openalex.org/W6725872789"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3087844490","https://openalex.org/W3090699061","https://openalex.org/W4387546583","https://openalex.org/W2051762234","https://openalex.org/W2131408743","https://openalex.org/W2055634632","https://openalex.org/W2787827467","https://openalex.org/W4367031485","https://openalex.org/W3114941719","https://openalex.org/W4386883085"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hybrid":[0],"digital/analog":[1,44],"architecture":[2,45,61],"and":[3,53,99,128,190],"low-resolution":[4,63,82],"analog-to-digital/digital-to-analog":[5],"converters":[6],"(ADCs":[7],"/DACs)":[8],"are":[9,207],"two":[10,78],"low-cost":[11,176],"implementations":[12],"for":[13,30],"large-scale":[14,31],"millimeter":[15],"wave":[16],"(mmWave)":[17],"systems.":[18],"In":[19,113,130,171],"this":[20],"paper,":[21],"we":[22,117,155,182],"investigate":[23],"the":[24,38,54,67,71,77,91,96,105,114,119,123,126,131,145,150,161,179,184,198,211,214],"problem":[25,88,185],"of":[26,50,125,178,186,213],"constant-envelope":[27,146,180],"transmit":[28,39,120,152],"beamforming":[29,188],"multiple-input":[32],"multiple-output":[33],"(MIMO)":[34],"radar":[35],"system,":[36],"where":[37],"array":[40,56],"adopts":[41,57],"a":[42,47,58,108,157,165],"hybrid":[43],"with":[46,62,76],"small":[48],"number":[49],"RF":[51],"chains":[52],"receive":[55],"fully":[59],"digital":[60],"ADCs.":[64,83],"We":[65,84],"derive":[66],"relative":[68,92],"entropy":[69],"between":[70],"probability":[72],"density":[73],"functions":[74],"associated":[75],"test":[79],"hypotheses":[80],"under":[81],"formulate":[85],"our":[86],"optimization":[87],"by":[89],"maximizing":[90],"entropy,":[93],"subject":[94],"to":[95,143,149,164,173,202,209],"constant":[97],"envelope":[98],"orthogonality":[100],"constraints.":[101],"To":[102],"suboptimally":[103],"solve":[104,203],"resultant":[106],"problem,":[107],"two-stage":[109],"framework":[110],"is":[111,141],"developed.":[112],"first":[115],"stage,":[116,133],"optimize":[118],"power":[121],"at":[122,168],"directions":[124],"target":[127],"clutter.":[129],"second":[132],"an":[134,192],"efficient":[135,193],"iterative":[136,194],"algorithm":[137],"based":[138,196],"on":[139,197],"majorization-minimization":[140],"presented":[142],"obtain":[144],"beamformer":[147],"according":[148],"attained":[151],"power.":[153],"Specifically,":[154],"apply":[156],"quadratic":[158],"function":[159],"as":[160],"minorizer,":[162],"leading":[163],"low-complexity":[166],"solution":[167],"each":[169],"iteration.":[170],"addition,":[172],"further":[174],"facilitate":[175],"implementation":[177],"beamformer,":[181],"consider":[183],"one-bit":[187],"design":[189],"propose":[191],"method":[195,201],"Nesterov-like":[199],"gradient":[200],"it.":[204],"Numerical":[205],"simulations":[206],"provided":[208],"demonstrate":[210],"effectiveness":[212],"proposed":[215],"schemes.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}