{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4323022448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3251415","title":"Learning Decentralized Power Control in Cell-Free Massive MIMO Networks","display_name":"Learning Decentralized Power Control in Cell-Free Massive MIMO Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4323022448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3251415"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3251415","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3251415","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.02573","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086838046","display_name":"Daesung Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5534-5527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80611190","display_name":"Jeonbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/05q92br09","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80611190"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daesung Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Electronic Engineering and the Future Semiconductor Convergence Technology Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5534-5527","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electronic Engineering and the Future Semiconductor Convergence Technology Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80611190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100667504","display_name":"Hoon Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0753-8324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8991828","display_name":"Pukyong National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0433kqc49","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0753-8324","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070737413","display_name":"Seung\u2010Eun Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1394-998X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung-Eun Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Future Mobile Communication Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1394-998X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Future Mobile Communication Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010508470","display_name":"Seok-Hwan Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9395-2550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80611190","display_name":"Jeonbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/05q92br09","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80611190"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seok-Hwan Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Electronic Engineering and the Future Semiconductor Convergence Technology Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9395-2550","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electronic Engineering and the Future Semiconductor Convergence Technology Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80611190"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4935,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8091604,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"7","first_page":"9653","last_page":"9658"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7396938800811768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6338990926742554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reuse","display_name":"Reuse","score":0.5888309478759766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5410209894180298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5369351506233215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5310162901878357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5270122289657593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-control","display_name":"Power control","score":0.48352551460266113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.45287665724754333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4388953447341919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.26447632908821106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2570546567440033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.22434327006340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21139773726463318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09588757157325745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.08421105146408081}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7396938800811768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6338990926742554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.5888309478759766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5410209894180298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5369351506233215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5310162901878357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5270122289657593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56685638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300474","display_name":"Power control","level":3,"score":0.48352551460266113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45287665724754333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4388953447341919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.26447632908821106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2570546567440033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.22434327006340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21139773726463318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09588757157325745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.08421105146408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3251415","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3251415","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2303.02573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2303.02573","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.02573","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.unist.ac.kr:201301/65433","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10058112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401118","display_name":"Scholarworks@UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","host_organization_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"ARTICLE"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2303.02573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2303.02573","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.02573","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1032838911","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-0-00467","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G119152740","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1C1C1006557","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2223445157","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018-0-01659","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G354582570","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018-0-01659","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4263624795","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019R1A6A1A09031717","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312071","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Libya"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5108297601","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1A6A3A13046157","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312071","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Libya"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5181553741","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1I1A3054575","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G657851372","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-0-00467","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7407186783","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1I1A3054575","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8019972094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019R1A6A1A09031717","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312071","display_name":"Ministry of Education, Libya","ror":"https://ror.org/02w030k33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4323022448.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4323022448.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540562499","https://openalex.org/W2078831169","https://openalex.org/W2129489363","https://openalex.org/W2133996892","https://openalex.org/W2137983211","https://openalex.org/W2145013959","https://openalex.org/W2286275639","https://openalex.org/W2610350904","https://openalex.org/W2789475336","https://openalex.org/W2964050245","https://openalex.org/W2974939732","https://openalex.org/W2993129648","https://openalex.org/W3142914649","https://openalex.org/W3182896779","https://openalex.org/W3196709551"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W2384475851","https://openalex.org/W2000444236","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W4380318855","https://openalex.org/W3084456289","https://openalex.org/W2353602216","https://openalex.org/W2024136090","https://openalex.org/W4391331176"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"studies":[2],"learning-based":[3],"decentralized":[4],"power":[5],"control":[6],"methods":[7],"for":[8],"cell-free":[9],"massive":[10],"multiple-input":[11],"multiple-output":[12],"(MIMO)":[13],"systems":[14],"where":[15],"a":[16,40,51,76,104,123],"central":[17],"processor":[18],"(CP)":[19],"controls":[20],"access":[21],"points":[22],"(APs)":[23],"through":[24],"fronthaul":[25],"coordination.":[26],"To":[27,45,74,99],"determine":[28],"the":[29,63,80,95,118,137,140],"transmission":[30],"policy":[31],"of":[32,62,94,97,139],"distributed":[33],"APs,":[34],"it":[35],"is":[36,83],"essential":[37],"to":[38,130],"develop":[39],"network-wide":[41],"collaborative":[42],"optimization":[43],"mechanism.":[44],"address":[46],"this":[47,100],"challenge,":[48],"we":[49,102],"design":[50],"cooperative":[52],"learning":[53,78],"(CL)":[54],"framework":[55],"which":[56,108],"manages":[57],"computation":[58],"and":[59,65],"coordination":[60],"strategies":[61],"CP":[64],"APs":[66],"using":[67],"dedicated":[68],"deep":[69],"neural":[70],"network":[71],"(DNN)":[72],"modules.":[73],"build":[75],"versatile":[77],"structure,":[79],"proposed":[81,119,141],"CL":[82,120,142],"carefully":[84],"designed":[85],"such":[86],"that":[87],"its":[88],"forward":[89],"pass":[90],"calculations":[91],"are":[92],"independent":[93],"number":[96],"APs.":[98,116],"end,":[101],"adopt":[103],"parameter":[105],"reuse":[106],"concept":[107],"installs":[109],"an":[110],"identical":[111],"DNN":[112],"module":[113],"at":[114,122],"all":[115],"Consequently,":[117],"trained":[121],"particular":[124],"configuration":[125],"can":[126],"be":[127],"readily":[128],"applied":[129],"arbitrary":[131],"AP":[132],"populations.":[133],"Numerical":[134],"results":[135],"validate":[136],"advantages":[138],"over":[143],"conventional":[144],"non-cooperative":[145],"approaches.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}