{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321488184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3247747","title":"Hybrid Beamforming in mmWave Massive MIMO for IoV With Dual-Functional Radar Communication","display_name":"Hybrid Beamforming in mmWave Massive MIMO for IoV With Dual-Functional Radar Communication","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321488184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3247747"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3247747","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3247747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087991366","display_name":"Xiaoyou Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8123-8296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyou Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101548392","display_name":"Li Tu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3284-4083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102855415","display_name":"Qi Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100670022","display_name":"Miao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7576-2339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001435169","display_name":"Zhu Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5645-160X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015939251","display_name":"Yongdong Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5420-7926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongdong Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087991366"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3011,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9493579,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"7","first_page":"9017","last_page":"9030"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8496504426002502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.779423713684082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5905566811561584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5378242135047913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3g-mimo","display_name":"3G MIMO","score":0.45341312885284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4461009204387665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.41972601413726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.4180791676044464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3084007501602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2661961019039154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17802470922470093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8496504426002502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.779423713684082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5905566811561584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5378242135047913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165650700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636347","display_name":"3G MIMO","level":4,"score":0.45341312885284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4461009204387665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.41972601413726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.4180791676044464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3084007501602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2661961019039154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17802470922470093}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3247747","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3247747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5586935709","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023A1515011915","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7767482105","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272152","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8028094890","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U19A2067","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W434012021","https://openalex.org/W1520811730","https://openalex.org/W1956027752","https://openalex.org/W1964176378","https://openalex.org/W1975981182","https://openalex.org/W2041287972","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2063363960","https://openalex.org/W2096314450","https://openalex.org/W2108388069","https://openalex.org/W2129640939","https://openalex.org/W2132506160","https://openalex.org/W2155951048","https://openalex.org/W2161515500","https://openalex.org/W2259391824","https://openalex.org/W2272804037","https://openalex.org/W2299553154","https://openalex.org/W2548918789","https://openalex.org/W2553591559","https://openalex.org/W2590141315","https://openalex.org/W2603407422","https://openalex.org/W2611749634","https://openalex.org/W2625997754","https://openalex.org/W2757012997","https://openalex.org/W2769776241","https://openalex.org/W2782731650","https://openalex.org/W2790038676","https://openalex.org/W2889112240","https://openalex.org/W2895865304","https://openalex.org/W2897115156","https://openalex.org/W2897626035","https://openalex.org/W2899689631","https://openalex.org/W2944636546","https://openalex.org/W2946071064","https://openalex.org/W2963319045","https://openalex.org/W2964202652","https://openalex.org/W2974180474","https://openalex.org/W2975510411","https://openalex.org/W2979778011","https://openalex.org/W2982076623","https://openalex.org/W2991995530","https://openalex.org/W3003652270","https://openalex.org/W3006143078","https://openalex.org/W3023867911","https://openalex.org/W3034573689","https://openalex.org/W3049228280","https://openalex.org/W3091625846","https://openalex.org/W3099908750","https://openalex.org/W3134746776","https://openalex.org/W3158177776","https://openalex.org/W3201063899","https://openalex.org/W4379032298","https://openalex.org/W6773345123","https://openalex.org/W6781624353"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4360994276","https://openalex.org/W2183165041","https://openalex.org/W1965724314","https://openalex.org/W4320009128","https://openalex.org/W4317642376","https://openalex.org/W2587671129","https://openalex.org/W2724245862","https://openalex.org/W3184967607","https://openalex.org/W2987765820","https://openalex.org/W2613992362"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,53,114,204],"dual-functional":[1],"radar":[2,111,130,180],"communication":[3,107,123],"(DFRC)":[4],"has":[5],"been":[6],"regarded":[7],"as":[8],"one":[9],"of":[10,21,105,175,226],"the":[11,102,106,126,142,157,173,179,189,193,198,209],"most":[12],"attractive":[13],"solutions":[14],"for":[15,83,121,129,169,192],"facilitating":[16],"vehicle":[17],"applications":[18],"in":[19,85,134,196,224],"internet":[20],"vehicles":[22],"(IoV)":[23],"by":[24,100],"utilizing":[25],"millimeter":[26],"Wave":[27],"(mmWave)":[28],"and":[29,48,78,110,124,178,201,229],"massive":[30],"multiple-in-multiple-out":[31],"(MIMO)":[32],"technologies.":[33],"In":[34],"this":[35],"paper,":[36],"we":[37,91,140],"propose":[38],"a":[39,67,86,93,135,153,166],"hybrid":[40],"beamforming":[41,51,59,63,108,112,181,227],"(HBF)":[42],"scheme":[43,56],"with":[44,61,220],"low":[45],"power":[46],"consumption":[47],"fully":[49,68],"directional":[50],"gains.":[52],"proposed":[54,115,190,210],"HBF":[55,84,133,170,194],"integrates":[57],"digital":[58],"(DBF)":[60],"analog":[62],"(ABF)":[64],"to":[65,72,146,164,187,216],"adopt":[66],"connected":[69],"(F-C)":[70],"structure":[71],"realize":[73],"high":[74,221],"spectral":[75],"efficiency":[76,223],"(SE)":[77],"accurate":[79],"target":[80],"sensing.":[81,131],"Specifically,":[82],"single-user":[87],"MIMO":[88,137],"(SU-MIMO)":[89],"system,":[90,139],"design":[92,152,195],"fast":[94],"Riemannian":[95],"manifold":[96],"optimization":[97,144,161],"(FRMO)":[98],"method":[99,116],"minimizing":[101,176],"weighted":[103,143],"summation":[104],"error":[109],"error.":[113,182],"can":[117],"achieve":[118,212],"optimal":[119],"DBF":[120],"downlink":[122],"guarantee":[125],"desired":[127],"beampattern":[128],"For":[132],"multiuser":[136,148],"(MU-MIMO)":[138],"formulate":[141],"problem":[145],"mitigate":[147],"interference":[149],"(MUI).":[150],"We":[151,183],"low-complexity":[154],"method,":[155],"namely,":[156],"adaptive":[158],"particle":[159],"swarm":[160],"(APSO)":[162],"algorithm,":[163],"obtain":[165],"near-optimal":[167,213],"solution":[168],"based":[171],"on":[172],"criteria":[174],"MUI":[177],"conduct":[184],"excessive":[185],"simulations":[186],"evaluate":[188],"algorithms":[191,211],"both":[197],"SU-MIMO":[199],"system":[200],"MU-MIMO":[202],"system.":[203],"numerical":[205],"results":[206],"demonstrate":[207],"that":[208],"performance":[214],"compared":[215],"existing":[217],"HFB":[218],"methods":[219],"computational":[222],"terms":[225],"gains":[228],"SE.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
