{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321380883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3246632","title":"Low-Resolution Hybrid Beamforming in Millimeter-Wave Multi-User Systems","display_name":"Low-Resolution Hybrid Beamforming in Millimeter-Wave Multi-User Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321380883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3246632"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3246632","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3246632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100742422","display_name":"Hongwen Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-4764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University Shanghai, Shanghai, China","School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University Shanghai, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046645515","display_name":"Hoang Duong Tuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0292-6061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. D. Tuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0292-6061","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063537942","display_name":"Eryk Dutkiewicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4268-9286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Dutkiewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4268-9286","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042307561","display_name":"H. Vincent Poor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2062-131X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. V. Poor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2062-131X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091122305","display_name":"Lajos Hanzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2636-5214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Hanzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2636-5214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5953,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82825463,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"7","first_page":"8941","last_page":"8955"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7426133155822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband","display_name":"Baseband","score":0.7112219333648682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6137982606887817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5890068411827087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5555567145347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.538755476474762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.49143707752227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.44846025109291077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.4373432993888855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.4272438585758209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-budget","display_name":"Link budget","score":0.4258446991443634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2793791890144348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2412469983100891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.20211726427078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.12953805923461914}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7426133155822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.7112219333648682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6137982606887817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5890068411827087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5555567145347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.538755476474762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.49143707752227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.44846025109291077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.4373432993888855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.4272438585758209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94137725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509342","display_name":"Link budget","level":3,"score":0.4258446991443634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2793791890144348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2412469983100891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.20211726427078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.12953805923461914}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3246632","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3246632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:475315","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1131370387","display_name":"UKRI-India Future Networks Initiative","funder_award_id":"EP/W016605/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1471839284","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/W016605/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2490835098","display_name":"Pervasive Wireless Intelligence Beyond the Generations (PerCom)","funder_award_id":"EP/X01228X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7920959503","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1908308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8269789390","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/X01228X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8554439942","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-2128448","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991056455","https://openalex.org/W2029145150","https://openalex.org/W2041287972","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2095843437","https://openalex.org/W2104074482","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2195693430","https://openalex.org/W2272804037","https://openalex.org/W2316339223","https://openalex.org/W2523249769","https://openalex.org/W2553591559","https://openalex.org/W2611749634","https://openalex.org/W2739778833","https://openalex.org/W2771579582","https://openalex.org/W2781054684","https://openalex.org/W2785231497","https://openalex.org/W2807133510","https://openalex.org/W2869561322","https://openalex.org/W2882979857","https://openalex.org/W2904019619","https://openalex.org/W2905083742","https://openalex.org/W2909794597","https://openalex.org/W2920856460","https://openalex.org/W2962732261","https://openalex.org/W2999407989","https://openalex.org/W3000181458","https://openalex.org/W3010834347","https://openalex.org/W3025598106","https://openalex.org/W3100554915","https://openalex.org/W3183465216","https://openalex.org/W4212997115","https://openalex.org/W4214860551","https://openalex.org/W4225730592","https://openalex.org/W4249840661","https://openalex.org/W4285109862","https://openalex.org/W4288062436","https://openalex.org/W4299356270"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3110590130","https://openalex.org/W4287562279","https://openalex.org/W2504274537","https://openalex.org/W2007615404","https://openalex.org/W2886074965","https://openalex.org/W2972536919","https://openalex.org/W2512234407","https://openalex.org/W905396345","https://openalex.org/W4386214573","https://openalex.org/W4309047424"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1,106],"hybrid":[2,70],"amalgam":[3],"of":[4,33,42,65,79,85],"analog":[5,56],"and":[6],"baseband":[7],"digital":[8],"beamforming":[9],"is":[10,20,48,59,89],"conceived":[11],"for":[12,37,62,96,127,135],"millimeter-wave":[13],"(mmWave)":[14],"multi-user":[15],"networks.":[16],"The":[17,55,69],"base":[18],"station":[19],"equipped":[21,50],"with":[22,51],"a":[23,30,52,101],"large-scale":[24,128],"antenna-array,":[25],"which":[26,88,112],"however":[27],"relies":[28,73],"on":[29,74,116],"limited":[31],"number":[32],"radio":[34],"frequency":[35],"chains":[36],"mitigating":[38],"the":[39,63,75,82,97],"severe":[40],"path-loss":[41],"mmWave":[43,129],"band":[44],"transmission.":[45],"Each":[46],"user":[47],"also":[49],"multi-antenna":[53],"array.":[54],"beamformer's":[57],"weight-resolution":[58],"set":[60],"low":[61],"sake":[64],"power":[66],"efficient":[67,108],"implementation.":[68],"beamformer":[71],"design":[72],"novel":[76],"optimization":[77],"criterion":[78],"directly":[80],"maximizing":[81],"geometric":[83],"means":[84],"users'":[86],"rates,":[87],"shown":[90],"to":[91],"result":[92],"in":[93],"fair":[94],"rate-distributions":[95],"users":[98],"without":[99],"imposing":[100],"minimum":[102],"user-rate":[103],"constraint.":[104],"Furthermore,":[105],"computationally":[107],"algorithms":[109],"are":[110,113,124,133],"developed,":[111],"purely":[114],"based":[115],"closed-form":[117],"low-complexity":[118,122],"expressions.":[119],"Hence":[120],"these":[121],"solutions":[123],"eminently":[125],"suitable":[126],"arrays.":[130],"Numerical":[131],"examples":[132],"provided":[134],"demonstrating":[136],"their":[137],"efficiency.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}