{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4316021915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3229742","title":"Secrecy Energy Efficiency Maximization for Multi-User Multi-Eavesdropper Cell-Free Massive MIMO Networks","display_name":"Secrecy Energy Efficiency Maximization for Multi-User Multi-Eavesdropper Cell-Free Massive MIMO Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4316021915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3229742"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2022.3229742","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3229742","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043781626","display_name":"Yuhan Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3398-1282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuhan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090513264","display_name":"Yulong Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8461-5306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulong Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043781626"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9169,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91200101,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"5","first_page":"6009","last_page":"6022"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7885190844535828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.7582827210426331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.6480323076248169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5790408253669739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5620579719543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backhaul","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","score":0.5548163056373596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.520634114742279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.49097803235054016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.4773942828178406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-noise","display_name":"Artificial noise","score":0.45813822746276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.44428715109825134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.443350225687027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-method","display_name":"Iterative method","score":0.43570268154144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.4356159269809723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.4046689569950104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.15911811590194702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.14440268278121948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11055156588554382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.09419739246368408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08844304084777832}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7885190844535828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.7582827210426331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.6480323076248169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5790408253669739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5620579719543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103760667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798444","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","level":3,"score":0.5548163056373596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.520634114742279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.49097803235054016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.4773942828178406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801092","display_name":"Artificial noise","level":4,"score":0.45813822746276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.44428715109825134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.443350225687027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.43570268154144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.4356159269809723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.4046689569950104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.15911811590194702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.14440268278121948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11055156588554382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.09419739246368408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08844304084777832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2022.3229742","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3229742","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G173900143","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271268","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2046026471","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BE2022800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327777","funder_display_name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8257924436","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071253","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327777","display_name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121315337","https://openalex.org/W2226025886","https://openalex.org/W2286275639","https://openalex.org/W2344765023","https://openalex.org/W2568833464","https://openalex.org/W2593893328","https://openalex.org/W2607478241","https://openalex.org/W2610350904","https://openalex.org/W2749457010","https://openalex.org/W2799812926","https://openalex.org/W2804290997","https://openalex.org/W2901033541","https://openalex.org/W2948692205","https://openalex.org/W2951631940","https://openalex.org/W2962683633","https://openalex.org/W2963647306","https://openalex.org/W2963764927","https://openalex.org/W2964042011","https://openalex.org/W2964113506","https://openalex.org/W2974046131","https://openalex.org/W2985994751","https://openalex.org/W2990133101","https://openalex.org/W2991027732","https://openalex.org/W2995142484","https://openalex.org/W3014982482","https://openalex.org/W3030516277","https://openalex.org/W3034408430","https://openalex.org/W3034448035","https://openalex.org/W3080932450","https://openalex.org/W3082876858","https://openalex.org/W3088025366","https://openalex.org/W3093127379","https://openalex.org/W3102823983","https://openalex.org/W3104029649","https://openalex.org/W3111012323","https://openalex.org/W3111559089","https://openalex.org/W3130479492","https://openalex.org/W3197648599"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993671760","https://openalex.org/W2376754011","https://openalex.org/W3026778509","https://openalex.org/W2462883630","https://openalex.org/W4287776800","https://openalex.org/W3188430173","https://openalex.org/W3116845106","https://openalex.org/W4285103104","https://openalex.org/W2183269049","https://openalex.org/W2786811319"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,56],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"the":[3,49,61,74,86,96,107,111,133,144,147,176,184],"secrecy":[4,76,186],"energy":[5,190],"efficiency":[6,191],"(SEE)":[7],"optimization":[8],"problem":[9,152],"is":[10,82,153],"studied":[11],"in":[12,48,194],"multi-user":[13],"multi-eavesdropper":[14],"cell-free":[15],"massive":[16],"multiple-input":[17],"multiple-output":[18],"(CF-mMIMO)":[19],"networks,":[20,91],"where":[21],"a":[22,36,70,79,118,157],"large":[23],"number":[24],"of":[25,51,64,89,100,140,196],"distributed":[26],"access":[27],"points":[28],"(APs)":[29],"equipped":[30],"with":[31,45],"multiple":[32,46,52],"antennas":[33],"connect":[34],"to":[35,43,58,84,128],"central":[37],"processing":[38],"unit":[39],"via":[40],"backhaul":[41,112],"links":[42],"communicate":[44],"users":[47,134],"presence":[50],"active":[53],"non-colluding":[54],"eavesdroppers.":[55],"order":[57],"theoretically":[59],"analyze":[60],"SEE":[62,149,197],"performance":[63],"CF-mMIMO":[65,90],"systems,":[66],"we":[67,116,155],"first":[68],"provide":[69],"lower":[71],"bound":[72],"on":[73,164],"ergodic":[75],"rate.":[77],"Meanwhile,":[78],"realistic":[80],"model":[81],"used":[83],"measure":[85],"power":[87,99,104,108,125,138,160],"consumption":[88],"which":[92],"takes":[93],"into":[94],"account":[95],"radio":[97],"transmit":[98,124,137],"all":[101,141],"APs,":[102],"circuit":[103],"consumption,":[105],"and":[106,120,135,167,182,189],"consumed":[109],"by":[110],"link":[113],"transmissions.":[114],"Then,":[115],"develop":[117],"confidential":[119],"energy-efficient":[121],"design":[122],"for":[123,132],"allocation":[126,161],"subject":[127],"individual":[129],"quality-of-service":[130],"requirements":[131],"total":[136],"constraint":[139],"APs.":[142],"For":[143],"reason":[145],"that":[146,175],"proposed":[148,177],"maximization":[150,188,192],"(SEEM)":[151],"non-convex,":[154],"give":[156],"two-tier":[158],"iterative":[159],"algorithm,":[162],"capitalizing":[163],"Dinkelbach's":[165],"method":[166],"successive":[168],"convex":[169],"approximation":[170],"approach.":[171],"Simulation":[172],"results":[173],"show":[174],"SEEM":[178],"algorithm":[179],"converges":[180],"fast":[181],"outperforms":[183],"conventional":[185],"rate":[187],"strategies":[193],"terms":[195],"performance.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T16:22:10.518609","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}