{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312830363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3227319","title":"Active Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted MISO Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems for Secure Operation","display_name":"Active Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted MISO Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems for Secure Operation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312830363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3227319"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2022.3227319","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3227319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101880387","display_name":"A. Abdelaziz Salem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2399-180X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199440890","display_name":"American University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/001g2fj96","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63601056","display_name":"Menoufia University","ror":"https://ror.org/05sjrb944","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]}],"countries":["AE","EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Abdelaziz Salem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE","Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016390011","display_name":"Mahmoud H. Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5413-5355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199440890","display_name":"American University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/001g2fj96","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]}],"countries":["AE","EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud H. Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE","Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002806452","display_name":"Ahmed S. Ibrahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6206-6625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed S. Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101880387"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199440890","https://openalex.org/I63601056"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.1374,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":126,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99139838,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"4","first_page":"4919","last_page":"4931"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9672999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12989","display_name":"Ocular Disorders and Treatments","score":0.9372000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.7288402915000916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6201456785202026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.5330086350440979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-noise","display_name":"Artificial noise","score":0.5194506049156189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.5159419178962708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5088136792182922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.49756577610969543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4522649347782135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-radar","display_name":"Passive radar","score":0.41876423358917236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.407736599445343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3405115604400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2744787931442261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22992879152297974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2179950773715973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.21041736006736755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.15245908498764038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-engineering-details","display_name":"Radar engineering details","score":0.13230711221694946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.08346149325370789}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.7288402915000916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6201456785202026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.5330086350440979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801092","display_name":"Artificial noise","level":4,"score":0.5194506049156189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.5159419178962708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5088136792182922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.49756577610969543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4522649347782135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151120012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2143008","display_name":"Passive radar","level":5,"score":0.41876423358917236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.407736599445343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3405115604400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2744787931442261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22992879152297974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2179950773715973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.21041736006736755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.15245908498764038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.13230711221694946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.08346149325370789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2022.3227319","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3227319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3432792443","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FRG22-C-E13","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321430","funder_display_name":"American University of Sharjah"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4830359063","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1816112","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5505824712","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FRG20-M-E10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321430","funder_display_name":"American University of Sharjah"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321430","display_name":"American University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/001g2fj96"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2020892433","https://openalex.org/W2508393166","https://openalex.org/W2769776241","https://openalex.org/W2788350651","https://openalex.org/W2808515605","https://openalex.org/W2969519626","https://openalex.org/W2981096252","https://openalex.org/W3006143078","https://openalex.org/W3038047043","https://openalex.org/W3041653465","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3115103619","https://openalex.org/W3119152637","https://openalex.org/W3123552935","https://openalex.org/W3129486236","https://openalex.org/W3137570378","https://openalex.org/W3152301406","https://openalex.org/W3155535021","https://openalex.org/W3183034622","https://openalex.org/W3194620979","https://openalex.org/W3197488186","https://openalex.org/W3198612078","https://openalex.org/W3201063899","https://openalex.org/W3208138479","https://openalex.org/W3211270128","https://openalex.org/W3217184862","https://openalex.org/W4206296593","https://openalex.org/W4210595489","https://openalex.org/W4221160259","https://openalex.org/W4225737845","https://openalex.org/W4226165103","https://openalex.org/W4226417312","https://openalex.org/W4283833094","https://openalex.org/W4293195406","https://openalex.org/W4298368989","https://openalex.org/W4313001863","https://openalex.org/W4313139864","https://openalex.org/W4313172227","https://openalex.org/W4321490517"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993671760","https://openalex.org/W2376754011","https://openalex.org/W3026778509","https://openalex.org/W2462883630","https://openalex.org/W3026705917","https://openalex.org/W2516026999","https://openalex.org/W2155410265","https://openalex.org/W2769689807","https://openalex.org/W3188430173","https://openalex.org/W4287776800"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spectrum":[0],"congestion":[1],"has":[2],"motivated":[3],"the":[4,22,32,45,51,66,89,94,99,103,110,114,119,166,173,205],"recent":[5],"introduction":[6],"of":[7,34,55,93,118,168,207],"integrated":[8],"sensing":[9],"and":[10,16,20,109,136,154],"communication":[11],"(ISAC)":[12],"systems":[13],"where":[14],"radar":[15,100,131],"communications":[17],"functionalities":[18],"co-exist":[19],"share":[21],"same":[23],"spectrum.":[24],"This":[25,122],"is":[26,63,68,123,147],"accompanied":[27],"by":[28,72,149],"extensive":[29],"research":[30],"in":[31],"area":[33],"reconfigurable":[35],"intelligent":[36],"surfaces":[37],"(RIS),":[38],"thanks":[39],"to":[40,43,70,87,158,171,199],"their":[41],"ability":[42],"improve":[44],"ISAC":[46,61,120,183],"systems.":[47],"In":[48,79],"this":[49,201],"paper,":[50],"physical":[52],"layer":[53],"security":[54],"a":[56,73,129,160,196,208],"multiuser":[57],"multiple-input":[58],"single-output":[59],"(MU-MISO)":[60],"system":[62,67,95,138],"investigated":[64],"when":[65,175,214],"subject":[69],"eavesdropping":[71],"malicious":[74],"unmanned":[75],"aerial":[76],"vehicle":[77],"(UAV).":[78],"particular,":[80],"we":[81],"propose":[82],"using":[83],"an":[84,182,185],"active":[85,104,169],"RIS":[86,105,170,179,192],"maximize":[88],"achievable":[90],"secrecy":[91],"rate":[92],"through":[96],"jointly":[97],"designing":[98],"receive":[101],"beamformers,":[102],"reflection":[106],"coefficients":[107],"matrix":[108],"transmit":[111],"beamformers":[112],"at":[113,204],"dual-function":[115],"base":[116],"station":[117],"system.":[121],"done":[124],"while":[125],"taking":[126],"into":[127],"account":[128],"minimum":[130],"detection":[132],"signal-to-noise":[133],"ratio":[134],"(SNR)":[135],"total":[137],"power":[139,216],"budget":[140],"constraints.":[141],"The":[142],"resulting":[143],"non-convex":[144],"optimization":[145],"problem":[146],"tackled":[148],"exploiting":[150],"fractional":[151],"programming":[152],"(FP)":[153],"majorization-minimization":[155],"(MM)":[156],"techniques":[157],"achieve":[159,172,200],"solution.":[161],"Our":[162],"numerical":[163],"results":[164],"show":[165,189],"superiority":[167],"goal":[174,202],"compared":[176],"with":[177,181],"passive":[178,191],"or":[180],"without":[184],"RIS.":[186],"Results":[187],"also":[188],"that":[190],"could":[193],"still":[194],"be":[195],"viable":[197],"solution":[198],"but":[203],"expense":[206],"much":[209],"larger":[210],"needed":[211],"size":[212],"especially":[213],"lower":[215],"budgets":[217],"are":[218],"available.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}