{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4324134946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3220336","title":"DF Relay Assisted Covert Communications: Analysis and Optimization","display_name":"DF Relay Assisted Covert Communications: Analysis and Optimization","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4324134946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3220336"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2022.3220336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3220336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020610689","display_name":"Manlin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7526-4567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153300","display_name":"Shanghai Research Center for Wireless Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfd0826","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153300"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Manlin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Wireless Communications Technology and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmission, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7526-4567","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Wireless Communications Technology and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmission, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153300","https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039201574","display_name":"Zhen Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9577-2411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153300","display_name":"Shanghai Research Center for Wireless Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfd0826","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153300"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Wireless Communications Technology and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmission, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9577-2411","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Wireless Communications Technology and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmission, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153300","https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085292302","display_name":"Bin Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4713-5765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153300","display_name":"Shanghai Research Center for Wireless Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfd0826","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153300"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Wireless Communications Technology and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmission, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4713-5765","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Wireless Communications Technology and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmission, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153300","https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049255609","display_name":"Yinghong Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5772-8612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153300","display_name":"Shanghai Research Center for Wireless Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfd0826","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153300"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinghong Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Wireless Communications Technology and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmission, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Wireless Communications Technology and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmission, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153300","https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100370061","display_name":"Zhiyong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3540-389X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153300","display_name":"Shanghai Research Center for Wireless Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfd0826","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153300"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Wireless Communications Technology and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmission, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3540-389X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Wireless Communications Technology and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmission, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153300","https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020610689"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I4210153300"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8414,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9577008,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"3","first_page":"4073","last_page":"4078"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.8968464136123657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.874988317489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6214199662208557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5638883709907532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.49328678846359253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.481038361787796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.44949930906295776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.44758784770965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3714140057563782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.328289270401001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.32322198152542114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3079741597175598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.2589181065559387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17053726315498352}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.8968464136123657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.874988317489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6214199662208557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5638883709907532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.49328678846359253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.481038361787796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.44949930906295776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.44758784770965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3714140057563782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.328289270401001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.32322198152542114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3079741597175598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.2589181065559387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17053726315498352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2022.3220336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3220336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8960235387","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271309","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098346479","https://openalex.org/W2108175720","https://openalex.org/W2122744491","https://openalex.org/W2290804602","https://openalex.org/W2507790150","https://openalex.org/W2893082680","https://openalex.org/W2896602211","https://openalex.org/W2911314746","https://openalex.org/W2915414279","https://openalex.org/W2935217963","https://openalex.org/W3099338525","https://openalex.org/W3132394644","https://openalex.org/W3169567209","https://openalex.org/W3185268715","https://openalex.org/W4213191624"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3087844490","https://openalex.org/W3090699061","https://openalex.org/W4387546583","https://openalex.org/W2055634632","https://openalex.org/W2051762234","https://openalex.org/W2131408743","https://openalex.org/W2787827467","https://openalex.org/W1981368673","https://openalex.org/W4367031485","https://openalex.org/W3114941719"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Covert":[0],"communication":[1],"is":[2,17,39,49,70,100,184],"crucial":[3],"to":[4,19,72,102,117],"preventing":[5],"the":[6,21,26,30,34,42,56,60,64,74,78,82,85,104,111,114,119,124,132,137,143,146,149,154,161,164,168,173,181,187,197],"warder's":[7],"detection":[8],"of":[9,136],"wireless":[10],"transmission.":[11],"In":[12],"general,":[13],"small":[14],"transmit":[15],"power":[16,183],"required":[18],"satisfy":[20,118],"covertness":[22,120,188],"requirement,":[23],"which":[24,109],"limits":[25],"system":[27,65,178],"performance":[28],"between":[29],"transceivers.":[31],"To":[32,89],"overcome":[33],"limitation,":[35],"a":[36,93],"multi-antenna":[37],"relay":[38,46,61,86,115,150,165],"utilized":[40],"and":[41,45,59,84,113,122,134],"coordinated":[43],"direct":[44,57,112,147,162],"transmission":[47,182],"(CDRT)":[48],"proposed":[50,101,138],"in":[51,196],"this":[52,91],"paper.":[53],"Since":[54],"both":[55],"link":[58,62,116],"impact":[63],"performance,":[66],"an":[67],"optimization":[68],"problem":[69],"formulated":[71],"maximize":[73],"covert":[75,126,177],"rate,":[76],"where":[77],"beamforming":[79,107,195],"vectors":[80],"at":[81],"source":[83],"are":[87,157],"coupled.":[88],"address":[90],"problem,":[92],"semidefinite":[94],"relaxation":[95],"based":[96],"line":[97],"search":[98],"method":[99],"obtain":[103],"globally":[105],"optimal":[106],"vectors,":[108],"balances":[110],"requirements":[121,189],"achieve":[123],"maximum":[125],"rate":[127],"simultaneously.":[128],"Numerical":[129],"results":[130],"demonstrate":[131],"superiority":[133],"robustness":[135],"CDRT":[139,169,198],"scheme":[140,170],"compared":[141],"with":[142,160],"systems":[144],"without":[145],"or":[148,163],"link,":[151],"especially":[152],"when":[153,180],"warder-related":[155],"links":[156],"highly":[158],"correlated":[159],"link.":[166],"Besides,":[167],"also":[171],"outperforms":[172],"cooperative":[174],"jammer":[175],"assisted":[176],"even":[179],"high":[185],"since":[186],"can":[190],"be":[191],"satisfied":[192],"by":[193],"joint":[194],"scheme.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-28T09:10:13.091523","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
