{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312254444","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3217371","title":"Secure Long-Range Autonomous Valet Parking: A Reservation Scheme With Three-Factor Authentication and Key Agreement","display_name":"Secure Long-Range Autonomous Valet Parking: A Reservation Scheme With Three-Factor Authentication and Key Agreement","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312254444","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3217371"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2022.3217371","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3217371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100401460","display_name":"Di Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0104-3136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Di Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing, Ministry of Education, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0104-3136","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing, Ministry of Education, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006794082","display_name":"Yue Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2098-7637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing, Ministry of Education, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2098-7637","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing, Ministry of Education, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101649813","display_name":"Fei Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-3278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing, Ministry of Education, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-3278","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing, Ministry of Education, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100690523","display_name":"Yining Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6487-7595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yining Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Artificial Intelligence Interdisciplinary Research, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6487-7595","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Artificial Intelligence Interdisciplinary Research, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052586688","display_name":"Daxin Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7796-5650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daxin Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7796-5650","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066333395","display_name":"Yuan Zhuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3377-9658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Zhuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3377-9658","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100401460"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5694,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84169335,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"3","first_page":"3832","last_page":"3847"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9789000153541565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.5739058256149292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5394448041915894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aka","display_name":"AKA","score":0.5268356204032898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-factor-authentication","display_name":"Multi-factor authentication","score":0.5239498615264893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5205210447311401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.47380155324935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reservation","display_name":"Reservation","score":0.413940966129303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.37878891825675964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication-protocol","display_name":"Authentication protocol","score":0.30678296089172363}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.5739058256149292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5394448041915894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121158502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4652161","display_name":"AKA","level":2,"score":0.5268356204032898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194699767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7878662","display_name":"Multi-factor authentication","level":4,"score":0.5239498615264893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5205210447311401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.47380155324935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777632111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1937518","display_name":"Reservation","level":2,"score":0.413940966129303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.37878891825675964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21564112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825885","display_name":"Authentication protocol","level":3,"score":0.30678296089172363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2022.3217371","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3217371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1526070463","https://openalex.org/W1528633930","https://openalex.org/W1974676062","https://openalex.org/W1978402807","https://openalex.org/W2015435836","https://openalex.org/W2021497904","https://openalex.org/W2029693536","https://openalex.org/W2095054754","https://openalex.org/W2118207746","https://openalex.org/W2127950352","https://openalex.org/W2153281696","https://openalex.org/W2155848763","https://openalex.org/W2243569459","https://openalex.org/W2345604657","https://openalex.org/W2514873781","https://openalex.org/W2546496699","https://openalex.org/W2570008916","https://openalex.org/W2734706783","https://openalex.org/W2739692078","https://openalex.org/W2748361805","https://openalex.org/W2779269988","https://openalex.org/W2782958211","https://openalex.org/W2800426337","https://openalex.org/W2883088980","https://openalex.org/W2892100170","https://openalex.org/W2911553799","https://openalex.org/W2963484180","https://openalex.org/W3005206852","https://openalex.org/W3023520985","https://openalex.org/W3024382705","https://openalex.org/W3043412463","https://openalex.org/W3046207687","https://openalex.org/W3084879446","https://openalex.org/W3088151720","https://openalex.org/W3109013699","https://openalex.org/W3118799686","https://openalex.org/W3134271885","https://openalex.org/W3197463743","https://openalex.org/W4205497860","https://openalex.org/W4210511919"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093798919","https://openalex.org/W3101929529","https://openalex.org/W2907262898","https://openalex.org/W2393298610","https://openalex.org/W2050433615","https://openalex.org/W3022695109","https://openalex.org/W2360165953","https://openalex.org/W2352114587","https://openalex.org/W4253316174","https://openalex.org/W2390304521"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Long-range":[0],"autonomous":[1,172],"valet":[2,27],"parking":[3,15,19,34,38],"(LAVP)":[4],"is":[5,22,68,93,123,201],"a":[6,154],"current":[7],"trend,":[8],"partly":[9],"due":[10,76],"to":[11,24,43,77,124,131,235,240,278],"traffic":[12],"congestion":[13],"and":[14,37,50,70,82,89,98,104,127,170,211,276],"headache.":[16],"For":[17],"large-scale":[18],"demands,":[20],"reservation":[21,161],"introduced":[23,136],"effectively":[25],"manage":[26],"parking.":[28],"However,":[29],"existing":[30],"schemes":[31],"focus":[32],"on":[33],"request":[35],"verification":[36],"check-in,":[39],"which":[40],"aren't":[41],"applicable":[42],"LAVP":[44],"because":[45],"they":[46],"ignore":[47],"identity":[48],"legitimacy":[49],"communication":[51,272],"security":[52,126,250],"in":[53,113,163,269],"the":[54,108,119,133,149,168,171,184,198,204,220,280],"phase":[55],"of":[56,80,110,118,144,186,267,271],"picking":[57],"up":[58],"as":[59,61],"well":[60],"dropping":[62],"off":[63],"passengers.":[64],"One":[65],"viable":[66],"solution":[67],"authentication":[69,182],"key":[71,200],"agreement":[72],"(AKA)":[73],"protocol.":[74],"Generally,":[75],"low":[78],"entropy":[79],"passwords":[81],"dictionary":[83],"attacks,":[84],"three-factor":[85,111,157],"(i.e.":[86],"passwords,":[87],"biometrics,":[88],"smart":[90],"card)":[91],"AKA":[92,112,158],"more":[94],"secure":[95,156,217],"than":[96],"single-":[97],"two-factor":[99],"AKA.":[100],"Unfortunately,":[101],"known":[102],"attacks":[103],"high":[105],"overheads":[106],"hinder":[107],"application":[109],"real-world":[114],"environments.":[115],"Hence,":[116],"one":[117],"most":[120],"tough":[121],"tasks":[122],"balance":[125],"availability,":[128],"especially":[129],"how":[130],"address":[132],"potential":[134],"threats":[135],"by":[137,148],"each":[138],"factor":[139],"while":[140],"taking":[141],"full":[142],"advantage":[143],"three":[145],"factors.":[146],"Inspired":[147],"above":[150],"challenges,":[151],"we":[152,224,232,264],"propose":[153],"provably":[155],"protocol":[159],"for":[160,216],"services":[162],"LAVP,":[164],"namely":[165],"SecLAVP.":[166],"Specifically,":[167],"passenger":[169],"vehicle":[173],"(":[174,189],"<inline-formula":[175,190,206,212],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[176,191,207,213],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[177,192,208,214],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$AV$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[178,215],")":[179],"complete":[180],"mutual":[181],"with":[183],"assistance":[185],"drop-off/pick-up":[187],"point":[188],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$DP$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[193,209],").":[194],"After":[195],"successful":[196],"authentication,":[197],"session":[199],"generated":[202],"between":[203],"passenger,":[205],",":[210],"communication.":[218],"In":[219],"Real-Or-Random":[221],"(ROR)":[222],"model,":[223],"formally":[225],"prove":[226],"SecLAVP":[227,243,254,268],"satisfies":[228,255],"session-key":[229],"security.":[230,262],"Then,":[231],"apply":[233],"AVISPA":[234],"simulate":[236],"our":[237,256],"proposed":[238],"protocol,":[239],"demonstrate":[241],"that":[242,253],"can":[244],"resist":[245],"man-in-the-middle":[246],"attacks.":[247],"Additionally,":[248],"informal":[249],"analysis":[251],"indicates":[252],"defined":[257],"16":[258],"design":[259],"goals":[260],"concerning":[261],"Finally,":[263],"evaluate":[265],"performance":[266],"terms":[270],"overheads,":[273,275],"computational":[274],"scheduling,":[277],"manifest":[279],"feasibility.":[281]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
