{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296706826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3208529","title":"Joint Optimization of Configuration, Component Sizing, and Energy Management for Input-Split Hybrid Powertrains","display_name":"Joint Optimization of Configuration, Component Sizing, and Energy Management for Input-Split Hybrid Powertrains","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296706826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3208529"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2022.3208529","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3208529","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060373416","display_name":"Jie Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8639-110X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106854527","display_name":"Xiaosong Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2769-4183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaosong Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2769-4183","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102895681","display_name":"Yalian Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0007-9543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yalian Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0007-9543","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022757540","display_name":"Lech M. Grzesiak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2890-8163"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lech M. Grzesiak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Control and Industrial Electronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Masovian, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2890-8163","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Control and Industrial Electronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Masovian, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091555350","display_name":"Dongsuk Kum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2590-4845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongsuk Kum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Green Transportation, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2590-4845","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Green Transportation, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.741,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83525633,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"2","first_page":"1649","last_page":"1661"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/powertrain","display_name":"Powertrain","score":0.8451409339904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration","display_name":"Acceleration","score":0.6927934288978577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.5423259735107422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5163958668708801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.5150587558746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4852571487426758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.4797993004322052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sizing","display_name":"Sizing","score":0.47116953134536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.4334263503551483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-programming","display_name":"Dynamic programming","score":0.42818647623062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inner-loop","display_name":"Inner loop","score":0.41376349329948425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.40833160281181335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3808664381504059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.3348461985588074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.23723924160003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15380603075027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.07908886671066284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76047896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786258","display_name":"Powertrain","level":3,"score":0.8451409339904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.6927934288978577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.5423259735107422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5163958668708801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.5150587558746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4852571487426758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.4797993004322052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.47116953134536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.4334263503551483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37404715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679","display_name":"Dynamic programming","level":2,"score":0.42818647623062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58716799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6035648","display_name":"Inner loop","level":3,"score":0.41376349329948425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.40833160281181335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3808664381504059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3348461985588074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.23723924160003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15380603075027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.07908886671066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2022.3208529","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3208529","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2569194513","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51875054","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4747378765","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1864212","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1183708268","https://openalex.org/W1577908840","https://openalex.org/W1680797894","https://openalex.org/W1939298845","https://openalex.org/W1972160577","https://openalex.org/W1972755335","https://openalex.org/W1996984710","https://openalex.org/W2011289929","https://openalex.org/W2013158818","https://openalex.org/W2023604237","https://openalex.org/W2029515813","https://openalex.org/W2055453412","https://openalex.org/W2068638199","https://openalex.org/W2107470485","https://openalex.org/W2113642685","https://openalex.org/W2266393086","https://openalex.org/W2317200209","https://openalex.org/W2330761921","https://openalex.org/W2340948545","https://openalex.org/W2397333534","https://openalex.org/W2401029567","https://openalex.org/W2411016416","https://openalex.org/W2468381284","https://openalex.org/W2507531612","https://openalex.org/W2564852492","https://openalex.org/W2765307120","https://openalex.org/W2772786629","https://openalex.org/W2789040420","https://openalex.org/W2793161218","https://openalex.org/W2794118090","https://openalex.org/W2794337602","https://openalex.org/W2898483287","https://openalex.org/W2901310764","https://openalex.org/W2902258656","https://openalex.org/W2969340946","https://openalex.org/W3005246254","https://openalex.org/W3108234152","https://openalex.org/W3127527086","https://openalex.org/W3127612696","https://openalex.org/W3216709334","https://openalex.org/W3217675324","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W6724977324"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375311683","https://openalex.org/W2366062860","https://openalex.org/W2373777250","https://openalex.org/W2042058853","https://openalex.org/W2772971464","https://openalex.org/W1986364304","https://openalex.org/W4205770699","https://openalex.org/W2110050003","https://openalex.org/W1951348483","https://openalex.org/W2589468774"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Configuration":[0],"design,":[1],"component":[2,70],"sizing,":[3],"and":[4,41,72,96,123,137,144,157,163,178],"energy":[5],"management":[6,74],"are":[7,75,133,153,169],"intertwined.":[8],"However,":[9],"the":[10,24,48,52,55,60,64,69,79,83,110,121,127,142,148,161,166,184],"full":[11],"potential":[12],"of":[13,126,147,165],"hybrid":[14],"powertrains":[15],"has":[16],"not":[17],"yet":[18],"been":[19],"thoroughly":[20],"investigated":[21],"due":[22],"to":[23,92,107,118],"multi-dimensional":[25],"design":[26,62],"space.":[27],"Therefore,":[28],"in":[29,82],"this":[30],"paper,":[31],"a":[32],"joint":[33],"optimization":[34,39],"method":[35,168],"combining":[36],"particle":[37],"swarm":[38],"(PSO)":[40],"convex":[42],"programming":[43,176],"(CP)":[44],"is":[45,90,105],"proposed":[46,167],"for":[47,59,63],"first":[49],"time.":[50],"In":[51,67,140],"outer":[53],"loop,":[54],"PSO":[56],"algorithm":[57,81,181],"searches":[58],"optimal":[61,128,149],"powertrain":[65,132,151],"configuration.":[66],"contrast,":[68],"size":[71],"power":[73],"simultaneously":[76],"optimized":[77],"by":[78,135,155,171],"CP":[80],"inner":[84],"loop.":[85],"A":[86],"combined":[87],"driving":[88,103],"cycle":[89],"designed":[91],"integrate":[93],"both":[94],"acceleration":[95,102,111,122,143],"energy-saving":[97],"performance,":[98],"where":[99],"an":[100],"extreme":[101],"process":[104],"intended":[106],"act":[108],"as":[109],"constraint.":[112],"The":[113],"results":[114],"show":[115],"that,":[116],"compared":[117],"Prius":[119],"1st,":[120],"total":[124,145],"cost-saving":[125,146],"1-PG":[129],"(planetary":[130],"gear)":[131],"improved":[134],"13.09%":[136],"11.08%,":[138],"respectively.":[139,159],"particular,":[141],"2-PG":[150],"(MG2-RSG)":[152],"upgraded":[154],"34.23%":[156],"15.18%,":[158],"Finally,":[160],"effectiveness":[162],"efficiency":[164],"verified":[170],"comparing":[172],"it":[173],"with":[174],"dynamic":[175],"(DP)":[177],"multi-objective":[179],"evolutionary":[180],"based":[182],"on":[183],"decomposition":[185],"(MOEA/D)":[186],"method.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}