{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296425807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3208101","title":"IRS-Aided Uplink Transmission Scheme in Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Networks","display_name":"IRS-Aided Uplink Transmission Scheme in Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296425807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3208101"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2022.3208101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3208101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061308978","display_name":"Xiaoyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9525-6724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9525-6724","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078212274","display_name":"Bai Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0469-7362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bai Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0469-7362","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100697981","display_name":"Min Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0296-436X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0296-436X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048031726","display_name":"Jian Ouyang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0631-947X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Ouyang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0631-947X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100372762","display_name":"Jun-Bo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1881-3558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun-Bo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","School of Engineering, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, U.K","School of Cyber Sciencer and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1881-3558","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Sciencer and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029002143","display_name":"Jiangzhou Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-3594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangzhou Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","School of Engineering, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-3594","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061308978"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3092,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88515428,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"2","first_page":"1847","last_page":"1861"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.7854293584823608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.631685733795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.579237699508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.5303704738616943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5292060971260071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ergodic-theory","display_name":"Ergodic theory","score":0.48215052485466003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.47012150287628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4664205014705658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.452487975358963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.4380704462528229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.4259759783744812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.41488727927207947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4012031555175781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3754812479019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2871757447719574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.2667229175567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22859546542167664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21313634514808655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15843939781188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.13968604803085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.10278749465942383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.7854293584823608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.631685733795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.579237699508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.5303704738616943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5292060971260071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122044880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5498822","display_name":"Ergodic theory","level":2,"score":0.48215052485466003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.47012150287628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4664205014705658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.452487975358963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.4380704462528229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.4259759783744812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.41488727927207947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4012031555175781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3754812479019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2871757447719574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.2667229175567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22859546542167664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21313634514808655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15843939781188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.13968604803085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.10278749465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2022.3208101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3208101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313887","display_name":"ZTE Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/00rjhhq63"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485352918","https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W2042599231","https://openalex.org/W2066206974","https://openalex.org/W2136133623","https://openalex.org/W2163068306","https://openalex.org/W2507544873","https://openalex.org/W2734990044","https://openalex.org/W2763271663","https://openalex.org/W2791325163","https://openalex.org/W2796965548","https://openalex.org/W2800252416","https://openalex.org/W2898641569","https://openalex.org/W2905053357","https://openalex.org/W2908882174","https://openalex.org/W2911529145","https://openalex.org/W2935803308","https://openalex.org/W2946574388","https://openalex.org/W2981096252","https://openalex.org/W2986614523","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2998189737","https://openalex.org/W3006962285","https://openalex.org/W3009574497","https://openalex.org/W3013168336","https://openalex.org/W3020513938","https://openalex.org/W3024776269","https://openalex.org/W3083729781","https://openalex.org/W3089283090","https://openalex.org/W3095415448","https://openalex.org/W3112601604","https://openalex.org/W3120117232","https://openalex.org/W3121030234","https://openalex.org/W3128067055","https://openalex.org/W3147070566","https://openalex.org/W3157110449","https://openalex.org/W3178081691","https://openalex.org/W3192976441","https://openalex.org/W3199000380","https://openalex.org/W3205171351","https://openalex.org/W3210007685","https://openalex.org/W3214130165","https://openalex.org/W3216508700","https://openalex.org/W4226482121"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2390585021","https://openalex.org/W412641959","https://openalex.org/W50969306","https://openalex.org/W4292101436","https://openalex.org/W2341040961","https://openalex.org/W4287207389","https://openalex.org/W2779828239","https://openalex.org/W3154976382","https://openalex.org/W3046150966","https://openalex.org/W2052245931"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"an":[3,21],"intelligent":[4],"reflecting":[5],"surface":[6],"(IRS)-aided":[7],"uplink":[8],"transmission":[9],"scheme":[10],"to":[11,76,113,132,156,181],"expand":[12],"the":[13,32,48,68,73,77,95,99,115,134,146,161,164,169,172,183,188,208],"wireless":[14],"coverage":[15],"and":[16,44,56,80,139,149],"improve":[17],"spectral":[18],"efficiency":[19],"for":[20],"integrated":[22],"satellite-terrestrial":[23],"network":[24,50],"(ISTN).":[25],"Here,":[26],"multiple":[27,36,41,54],"earth":[28],"stations":[29],"communicate":[30],"with":[31,125,153,168],"satellite":[33],"via":[34],"non-orthogonal":[35],"access":[37,47,55],"(NOMA)":[38],"technology,":[39,59],"while":[40],"direct":[42],"users":[43,46,144],"blockage":[45],"cellular":[49],"through":[51],"space":[52],"division":[53],"IRS-aided":[57],"NOMA":[58],"respectively.":[60],"In":[61],"particular,":[62],"we":[63,107,176],"first":[64,147],"aim":[65],"at":[66,160],"maximizing":[67],"ergodic":[69,204],"sum":[70,205],"rate":[71,206],"of":[72,84,137,142,171],"ISTN":[74],"subject":[75],"quality-of-service":[78],"requirements":[79],"transmit":[81,140],"power":[82],"budgets":[83],"all":[85,143],"users,":[86],"yielding":[87],"a":[88,109,178,202],"constrained":[89],"optimization":[90],"problem.":[91,118],"Then,":[92],"based":[93],"on":[94],"assumption":[96],"that":[97,185,196],"only":[98],"statistical":[100],"channel":[101],"state":[102],"information":[103],"(CSI)":[104],"is":[105],"available,":[106],"propose":[108,177],"two-layer":[110],"alternating":[111],"algorithm":[112,120,180],"solve":[114,182],"non-convex":[116],"original":[117],"The":[119],"combines":[121],"successive":[122],"convex":[123],"approximation":[124],"<inline-formula":[126],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[127],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[128],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$S$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[129],"-procedure":[130],"approach":[131],"calculate":[133,157],"phase":[135],"shifts":[136],"IRS":[138],"powers":[141],"in":[145,163],"layer,":[148],"uses":[150],"Charnes-Cooper":[151],"method":[152],"semi-definite":[154],"programming":[155],"beamforming":[158,174],"vectors":[159],"BS":[162],"second":[165],"layer.":[166],"Furthermore,":[167],"help":[170],"zero-forcing":[173],"principle,":[175],"low-complexity":[179],"problem":[184],"can":[186,200],"reduce":[187],"computational":[189],"load":[190],"effectively.":[191],"Finally,":[192],"simulation":[193],"results":[194],"demonstrate":[195],"our":[197],"proposed":[198],"algorithms":[199],"obtain":[201],"higher":[203],"than":[207],"benchmarks.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}