{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4289821653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3195607","title":"User Association and Multi-Connectivity Strategies in Joint Terahertz and Millimeter Wave 6G Systems","display_name":"User Association and Multi-Connectivity Strategies in Joint Terahertz and Millimeter Wave 6G Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4289821653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3195607"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2022.3195607","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3195607","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/25/9990993/09847124.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/25/9990993/09847124.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091411374","display_name":"Eduard Sopin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9082-2152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eduard Sopin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of In-formation Technology and Communication Sciences, Department of Elec-trical Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of In-formation Technology and Communication Sciences, Department of Elec-trical Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088224958","display_name":"Dmitri Moltchanov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4007-7187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dmitri Moltchanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052713086","display_name":"Anastasia Daraseliya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6603-2596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anastasia Daraseliya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of In-formation Technology and Communication Sciences, Department of Elec-trical Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of In-formation Technology and Communication Sciences, Department of Elec-trical Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015032841","display_name":"Yevgeni Koucheryavy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3976-297X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yevgeni Koucheryavy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053754492","display_name":"Yuliya Gaidamaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2655-4805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuliya Gaidamaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of In-formation Technology and Communication Sciences, Department of Elec-trical Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of In-formation Technology and Communication Sciences, Department of Elec-trical Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091411374"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9637,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94450453,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"12","first_page":"12765","last_page":"12781"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-radiation","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","score":0.5514730215072632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.5487426519393921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.4857623875141144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.462763249874115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.459821492433548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lambda","display_name":"Lambda","score":0.43530622124671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.34028905630111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.33920639753341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3186919689178467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3011958599090576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2488146424293518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.13383111357688904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.09613165259361267}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.5514730215072632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.5487426519393921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.4857623875141144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.462763249874115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.459821492433548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778113609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10897","display_name":"Lambda","level":2,"score":0.43530622124671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34028905630111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.33920639753341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3186919689178467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3011958599090576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2488146424293518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.13383111357688904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.09613165259361267}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2022.3195607","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3195607","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/25/9990993/09847124.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:trepo.tuni.fi:10024/229984","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/229984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055260","display_name":"Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere University","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2022.3195607","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3195607","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/25/9990993/09847124.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4289821653.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4289821653.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031858701","https://openalex.org/W2038821639","https://openalex.org/W2097395379","https://openalex.org/W2123715210","https://openalex.org/W2125290396","https://openalex.org/W2140010700","https://openalex.org/W2289510574","https://openalex.org/W2337330101","https://openalex.org/W2523023709","https://openalex.org/W2575875755","https://openalex.org/W2579242936","https://openalex.org/W2596172352","https://openalex.org/W2902293258","https://openalex.org/W2904228050","https://openalex.org/W2906041196","https://openalex.org/W2958555180","https://openalex.org/W2962716476","https://openalex.org/W2963583412","https://openalex.org/W3008208220","https://openalex.org/W3011830499","https://openalex.org/W3018106173","https://openalex.org/W3034601960","https://openalex.org/W3045991520","https://openalex.org/W3095646503","https://openalex.org/W3098450357","https://openalex.org/W3108272812","https://openalex.org/W3110474338","https://openalex.org/W3125392485","https://openalex.org/W3134078821","https://openalex.org/W3156651317","https://openalex.org/W3182917325","https://openalex.org/W3207685973","https://openalex.org/W3214732993","https://openalex.org/W4200159108","https://openalex.org/W4213258771"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2762687161","https://openalex.org/W2353254830","https://openalex.org/W2033952283","https://openalex.org/W2351210568","https://openalex.org/W2028421553","https://openalex.org/W2890072373","https://openalex.org/W2105973023","https://openalex.org/W3000002614","https://openalex.org/W2800192479","https://openalex.org/W3040184894"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Terahertz":[0],"(THz)":[1],"wireless":[2],"access":[3,39],"is":[4],"considered":[5],"as":[6,57],"a":[7,97],"next":[8],"step":[9],"towards":[10],"6G":[11,87],"cellular":[12],"systems.":[13],"By":[14],"utilizing":[15],"even":[16],"higher":[17],"frequency":[18],"bands":[19],"than":[20],"5G":[21],"millimeter":[22],"wave":[23],"(mmWave)":[24],"New":[25],"Radio":[26],"(NR),":[27],"they":[28],"will":[29,49],"operate":[30],"over":[31],"extreme":[32],"bandwidth":[33],"delivering":[34],"unprecedented":[35],"rates":[36],"at":[37,118,195],"the":[38,146,151,202,214],"interface.":[40],"However,":[41],"by":[42,156,207],"relying":[43],"upon":[44],"pencil-wide":[45],"beams,":[46],"these":[47],"systems":[48],"not":[50,184],"only":[51,179],"inherit":[52],"mmWave":[53,110,119],"propagation":[54],"challenges":[55],"such":[56],"blockage":[58,165,190],"phenomenon":[59],"but":[60],"introduce":[61],"their":[62],"own":[63],"issues":[64],"associated":[65],"with":[66],"micromobility":[67],"of":[68,107,153,164,189],"user":[69,79],"equipment":[70],"(UE).":[71],"In":[72],"this":[73],"paper,":[74],"we":[75,95],"analyze":[76],"and":[77,82,109,114,120],"compare":[78],"association":[80],"schemes":[81],"multi-connectivity":[83,200],"strategies":[84],"for":[85,105,130,167],"joint":[86],"THz/mmWave":[88,199],"deployments.":[89],"Differently,":[90],"from":[91],"stochastic":[92],"geometry":[93],"studies,":[94],"develop":[96],"unified":[98],"analytically":[99],"tractable":[100],"framework":[101],"that":[102,128,159,182],"simultaneously":[103],"accounts":[104],"specifics":[106,117],"THz":[108,121,154,196],"radio":[111],"part":[112],"design":[113],"traffic":[115],"service":[116],"base":[122],"stations":[123],"(BS).":[124],"Our":[125],"results":[126],"show":[127],"(i)":[129],"negligible":[131],"blockers":[132],"density,":[133],"<inline-formula":[134,141,168,174,208],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[135,142,169,175,209],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[136,143,170,176,210],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\lambda":[137,171],"_{B}\\leq":[138],"{}0.1$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[139],"bl./":[140,173],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\rm{m^{2}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[144,177],",":[145,178],"operator":[147],"needs":[148],"to":[149,192],"enlarge":[150],"coverage":[152],"BS":[155],"accepting":[157],"sessions":[158,181],"experience":[160,185],"outage":[161,186],"in":[162,187],"case":[163,188],"(ii)":[166],"_{B}&gt;0.1$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[172],"those":[180],"does":[183],"need":[191],"be":[193],"accepted":[194],"BS,":[197],"(iii)":[198],"improves":[201],"ongoing":[203],"session":[204],"loss":[205],"probability":[206],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$0.1\\!-\\!0.4$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[211],"depending":[212],"on":[213],"system":[215],"parameters.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-14T08:43:22.919905","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}