{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285148926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3187753","title":"Statistical Modeling of Evaporation Duct Channel for Maritime Broadband Communications","display_name":"Statistical Modeling of Evaporation Duct Channel for Maritime Broadband Communications","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285148926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3187753"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2022.3187753","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3187753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101525861","display_name":"Hanzhong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8850-0047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111959","display_name":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02br7py06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210111959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hanzhong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8850-0047","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111959","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064073489","display_name":"Ting Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0420-0566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111959","display_name":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02br7py06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210111959"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Frontier Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0420-0566","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111959","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Frontier Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091777215","display_name":"Tianheng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7152-1378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111959","display_name":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02br7py06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210111959"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianheng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Frontier Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7152-1378","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111959","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Frontier Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100784465","display_name":"Yuzhen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2124-3901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111959","display_name":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02br7py06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210111959"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuzhen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2124-3901","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111959","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084889205","display_name":"Honglin Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4665-5278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111959","display_name":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02br7py06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210111959"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honglin Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4665-5278","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111959","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101525861"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I30809798","https://openalex.org/I4210111959","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.2112,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98759588,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"10","first_page":"10228","last_page":"10240"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.978600025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duct","display_name":"Duct (anatomy)","score":0.5801898837089539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.5693715214729309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.462520956993103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.44684475660324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.4138898253440857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3672049045562744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3193560242652893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.29138970375061035}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781212128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256181","display_name":"Duct (anatomy)","level":2,"score":0.5801898837089539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.5693715214729309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.462520956993103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.44684475660324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.4138898253440857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3672049045562744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3193560242652893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.29138970375061035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2022.3187753","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3187753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4464225366","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21QC1400800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327803","funder_display_name":"Shanghai Rising-Star Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7520547647","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21XD1433700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335796","funder_display_name":"Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327803","display_name":"Shanghai Rising-Star Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335796","display_name":"Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2021912909","https://openalex.org/W2042680303","https://openalex.org/W2120158435","https://openalex.org/W2127669554","https://openalex.org/W2161822136","https://openalex.org/W2196178842","https://openalex.org/W2274678786","https://openalex.org/W2299676078","https://openalex.org/W2329743624","https://openalex.org/W2338148776","https://openalex.org/W2466658855","https://openalex.org/W2548238762","https://openalex.org/W2563009932","https://openalex.org/W2583119156","https://openalex.org/W2748760676","https://openalex.org/W2766546178","https://openalex.org/W2771579582","https://openalex.org/W2779131325","https://openalex.org/W2786696023","https://openalex.org/W2794332023","https://openalex.org/W2809292300","https://openalex.org/W2885340258","https://openalex.org/W2899729262","https://openalex.org/W2921251201","https://openalex.org/W2922072997","https://openalex.org/W2949736723","https://openalex.org/W2960290079","https://openalex.org/W2963898372","https://openalex.org/W2964045328","https://openalex.org/W2965902002","https://openalex.org/W2980880989","https://openalex.org/W2981096252","https://openalex.org/W2986189117","https://openalex.org/W2987797986","https://openalex.org/W2998930422","https://openalex.org/W2999576067","https://openalex.org/W3005546948","https://openalex.org/W3009873139","https://openalex.org/W3012062136","https://openalex.org/W3036498244","https://openalex.org/W3038971444","https://openalex.org/W3048554691","https://openalex.org/W3055364142","https://openalex.org/W3088935773","https://openalex.org/W3089559246","https://openalex.org/W3117061506","https://openalex.org/W3134658776","https://openalex.org/W3155918123","https://openalex.org/W3187801592","https://openalex.org/W4206262317"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2327053383","https://openalex.org/W2356834760","https://openalex.org/W1964600846","https://openalex.org/W2127563499","https://openalex.org/W2030191005","https://openalex.org/W1865172210","https://openalex.org/W2027568561","https://openalex.org/W2790025453","https://openalex.org/W1521521035","https://openalex.org/W3165738400"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,57],"sixth-generation":[1],"communication":[2],"networks":[3],"aim":[4],"to":[5,50,98],"integrate":[6],"space,":[7],"air,":[8],"and":[9,33,73,103,144],"ground":[10],"communications":[11,18],"into":[12],"a":[13,43],"robust":[14],"network.":[15],"However,":[16],"maritime":[17,53],"are":[19,66],"confronted":[20],"with":[21],"the":[22,25,36,52,64,69,74,86,91,100,105,108,114,123,130,135,138,141],"challenge":[23],"of":[24,38,60,77,107,125,140],"atmospheric":[26],"duct,":[27],"which":[28],"could":[29],"capture":[30],"wireless":[31],"signals":[32],"propagate":[34],"beyond":[35],"line":[37],"sight.":[39],"In":[40,133],"this":[41],"paper,":[42],"parabolic":[44],"equation-based":[45],"modeling":[46,65,82],"approach":[47],"is":[48,83,96],"proposed":[49],"characterize":[51],"evaporation":[54,131],"duct":[55],"channel.":[56],"constant":[58],"coefficients":[59],"each":[61],"variable":[62],"in":[63,80],"calculated":[67],"by":[68,85,129],"least":[70],"square":[71],"method,":[72],"specific":[75],"distribution":[76],"shadow":[78],"fading":[79],"channel":[81,116],"determined":[84],"Kullback-Leibler":[87],"divergence":[88],"method.":[89],"Furthermore,":[90],"partitioning":[92],"around":[93],"medoids":[94],"method":[95],"utilized":[97],"reduce":[99],"average":[101],"deviation":[102],"improve":[104],"accuracy":[106],"model.":[109],"Numerical":[110],"results":[111],"illustrate":[112],"that":[113],"statistical":[115],"model":[117],"possesses":[118],"satisfactory":[119],"calculation":[120],"ability":[121],"at":[122],"distance":[124],"signal":[126,148],"interference":[127],"caused":[128],"duct.":[132],"addition,":[134],"paper":[136],"analyzed":[137],"influence":[139],"antenna":[142],"height":[143],"downtilt":[145],"angle":[146],"on":[147],"propagation.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
