{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226106168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3165026","title":"Multi-RF and Generalized Single-RF Combination Models for Spatial Modulation and NOMA Technologies","display_name":"Multi-RF and Generalized Single-RF Combination Models for Spatial Modulation and NOMA Technologies","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226106168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3165026"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2022.3165026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3165026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089539901","display_name":"Mohammed Al-Ansi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6729-9989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65079550","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Perlis","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmkb790","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65079550"]}],"countries":["MY","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Al-Ansi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Addawasir, Saudi Arabia","Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6729-9989","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Addawasir, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65079550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048840767","display_name":"S. A. Aljunid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2739-6220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65079550","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Perlis","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmkb790","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65079550"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Alwee Aljunid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2739-6220","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65079550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011568967","display_name":"Essam Sourour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4473-7026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Essam Sourour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering at Wadi Addawasir, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Addawasir, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4473-7026","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering at Wadi Addawasir, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Addawasir, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036316054","display_name":"M. S. Anuar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1708-8910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65079550","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Perlis","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmkb790","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65079550"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. S. Anuar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65079550"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014663055","display_name":"C. B. M. Rashidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9213-0985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65079550","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Perlis","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmkb790","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65079550"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. B. M. Rashidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65079550"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5215,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5777918,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"7","first_page":"7308","last_page":"7324"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12989","display_name":"Ocular Disorders and Treatments","score":0.9435999989509583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5387426614761353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.5249412059783936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.5151346921920776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5024828910827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5000526905059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noma","display_name":"Noma","score":0.4990866184234619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.4482738971710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.42918872833251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3638956546783447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32783639430999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23786228895187378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2183300256729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.19258621335029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.1419885754585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1410570740699768}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5387426614761353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.5249412059783936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.5151346921920776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5024828910827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5000526905059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775918612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994794","display_name":"Noma","level":3,"score":0.4990866184234619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4482738971710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.42918872833251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3638956546783447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32783639430999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23786228895187378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2183300256729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.19258621335029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.1419885754585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1410570740699768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2022.3165026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3165026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W279087175","https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2025681141","https://openalex.org/W2027563534","https://openalex.org/W2051399265","https://openalex.org/W2067605736","https://openalex.org/W2103146663","https://openalex.org/W2115780024","https://openalex.org/W2125669974","https://openalex.org/W2163504740","https://openalex.org/W2319812433","https://openalex.org/W2520438672","https://openalex.org/W2522847968","https://openalex.org/W2599993140","https://openalex.org/W2734589605","https://openalex.org/W2743910068","https://openalex.org/W2769456309","https://openalex.org/W2795760328","https://openalex.org/W2802495557","https://openalex.org/W2883182640","https://openalex.org/W2884827909","https://openalex.org/W2911894825","https://openalex.org/W2914196217","https://openalex.org/W2942772114","https://openalex.org/W2953460044","https://openalex.org/W2962976125","https://openalex.org/W2963158738","https://openalex.org/W2963560399","https://openalex.org/W2963666666","https://openalex.org/W2965611889","https://openalex.org/W2995529974","https://openalex.org/W3007328543","https://openalex.org/W3047700474","https://openalex.org/W3101450547","https://openalex.org/W3102345867","https://openalex.org/W4256217385"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2949108574","https://openalex.org/W3033230483","https://openalex.org/W2907873387","https://openalex.org/W4200127465","https://openalex.org/W4313122026","https://openalex.org/W3117495202","https://openalex.org/W3197048727","https://openalex.org/W4254559159","https://openalex.org/W4386936719","https://openalex.org/W3196404113"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Inspired":[0],"by":[1],"the":[2,33,92,102,140,156,163,180,186,205,209,215,220,223],"individual":[3],"advantages":[4],"of":[5,29,35,139,208,225],"spatial":[6],"modulation":[7,82],"(SM),":[8],"space":[9],"shift":[10],"keying":[11],"(SSK),":[12],"and":[13,44,55,78,97,110,116,127,130,142,152,159,174,198],"non-orthogonal":[14],"multiple":[15],"access":[16],"(NOMA)":[17],"technologies,":[18],"this":[19],"research":[20],"designs":[21],"NOMA-SM/SSK":[22,164,226],"amalgamation":[23],"models":[24,96,165,212],"with":[25,146],"a":[26,51,58,73,121],"general":[27],"number":[28,34],"users.":[30],"Based":[31],"on":[32,94],"RF":[36],"chains,":[37],"they":[38],"are":[39,166],"classified":[40],"into":[41],"multi-RF":[42],"(MRF)":[43],"single-RF":[45],"(SRF)":[46],"models.":[47,218],"We":[48],"first":[49],"present":[50],"spectral-efficient":[52],"MRF":[53,141,181],"model":[54,63],"then":[56],"propose":[57],"new":[59],"energy-efficient":[60],"generalized":[61],"SRF":[62,95,105,211,217],"denoted":[64],"as":[65],"SRFGen.":[66],"In":[67],"SRFGen,":[68],"all":[69],"users":[70],"jointly":[71],"choose":[72],"shared":[74],"transmit":[75],"antenna":[76],"(TA)":[77],"independently":[79],"select":[80],"their":[81,99],"symbols.":[83],"The":[84,135,176,201],"SRFGen's":[85],"flexibility":[86,189],"produces":[87],"several":[88],"special":[89],"cases":[90],"covering":[91],"literature":[93,216],"resolves":[98],"limits.":[100],"Among":[101],"scenarios,":[103],"an":[104,128],"NOMA-SSK":[106],"supports":[107],"multi-SSK":[108],"signals":[109],"is":[111,144],"proposed":[112],"to":[113,214],"reduce":[114],"interference":[115],"detection":[117,199],"processes.":[118],"Then,":[119],"introduce":[120],"low":[122],"complexity":[123],"TA":[124],"index":[125],"detector":[126],"adaptive":[129],"fair":[131],"power":[132],"allocation":[133],"algorithm.":[134],"spectral":[136],"efficiency":[137],"(SE)":[138],"SRFGen":[143,187],"analyzed":[145],"lower":[147],"bounds":[148],"for":[149],"both":[150],"Gaussian":[151],"finite-alphabet":[153],"inputs.":[154],"Using":[155],"SE":[157],"analysis":[158],"bit-error-rate":[160],"(BER)":[161],"simulation,":[162],"evaluated":[167],"regarding":[168],"users\u2019":[169,196],"rates,":[170],"sum-rate,":[171],"ergodic":[172],"capacity,":[173],"BER.":[175],"results":[177,221],"show":[178],"that":[179],"grants":[182],"high":[183],"SE,":[184,194],"whereas":[185],"provides":[188],"in":[190],"trading-off":[191],"features":[192],"like":[193],"BER,":[195],"fairness,":[197],"complexity.":[200],"outcomes":[202],"also":[203],"reveal":[204],"superior":[206],"performance":[207],"presented":[210],"compared":[213],"Besides,":[219],"reinforce":[222],"superiority":[224],"over":[227],"OMA-SM.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}