{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3120998525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3155627","title":"Downlink SCMA Codebook Design With Low Error Rate by Maximizing Minimum Euclidean Distance of Superimposed Codewords","display_name":"Downlink SCMA Codebook Design With Low Error Rate by Maximizing Minimum Euclidean Distance of Superimposed Codewords","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3120998525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3155627","mag":"3120998525"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2022.3155627","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3155627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.03355","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073222678","display_name":"Chin-Wei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6531-0849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chinwei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6531-0849","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015868237","display_name":"Borching Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8617-2601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Borching Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8617-2601","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100834166","display_name":"Tingyi Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingyi Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101623118","display_name":"Yenming Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0074-9869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yenming Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0074-9869","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"],"apc_list":{"value":2195,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2195},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7685,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91086386,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"5","first_page":"5231","last_page":"5245"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9799000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebook","display_name":"Codebook","score":0.9938704967498779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.7261220216751099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5877323746681213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.5426254272460938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.516904354095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.49337759613990784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4925902485847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.49246153235435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linde\u2013buzo\u2013gray-algorithm","display_name":"Linde\u2013Buzo\u2013Gray algorithm","score":0.48743584752082825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.4195859432220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.39228975772857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.23101648688316345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13093286752700806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10951510071754456}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127759330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637416","display_name":"Codebook","level":2,"score":0.9938704967498779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.7261220216751099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5877323746681213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.5426254272460938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.516904354095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.49337759613990784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4925902485847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.49246153235435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93372532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6552455","display_name":"Linde\u2013Buzo\u2013Gray algorithm","level":3,"score":0.48743584752082825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.4195859432220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.39228975772857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.23101648688316345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13093286752700806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10951510071754456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2022.3155627","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3155627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2101.03355","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2101.03355","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.03355","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2101.03355","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2101.03355","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.03355","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G261385918","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 109-2221-E-002-155","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322108","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4451325529","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 110-2221-E-002-074","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322108","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322108","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W627894446","https://openalex.org/W1482310023","https://openalex.org/W1516536271","https://openalex.org/W1922937245","https://openalex.org/W2008104692","https://openalex.org/W2011716365","https://openalex.org/W2042519026","https://openalex.org/W2060776278","https://openalex.org/W2124894634","https://openalex.org/W2148622067","https://openalex.org/W2154332973","https://openalex.org/W2189419313","https://openalex.org/W2395565466","https://openalex.org/W2463692443","https://openalex.org/W2519194698","https://openalex.org/W2541373058","https://openalex.org/W2558871231","https://openalex.org/W2563793424","https://openalex.org/W2579306024","https://openalex.org/W2612977707","https://openalex.org/W2739704171","https://openalex.org/W2740641223","https://openalex.org/W2782870384","https://openalex.org/W2786981763","https://openalex.org/W2794723495","https://openalex.org/W2803775185","https://openalex.org/W2887860413","https://openalex.org/W2888461506","https://openalex.org/W2900805756","https://openalex.org/W2918455720","https://openalex.org/W2962896080","https://openalex.org/W2963708524","https://openalex.org/W2964347123","https://openalex.org/W2967026569","https://openalex.org/W3007836891","https://openalex.org/W3019643755","https://openalex.org/W3021459455","https://openalex.org/W3044610462","https://openalex.org/W3045969234","https://openalex.org/W3085204468","https://openalex.org/W3099378150","https://openalex.org/W3103737847","https://openalex.org/W4242993932","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4391523123","https://openalex.org/W6711977273"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096936443","https://openalex.org/W2081863301","https://openalex.org/W2352648934","https://openalex.org/W2365109233","https://openalex.org/W145510127","https://openalex.org/W2374856816","https://openalex.org/W1977098967","https://openalex.org/W2378932494","https://openalex.org/W2352292447","https://openalex.org/W2391875658"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sparse":[0],"code":[1],"multiple":[2,9],"access":[3,10],"(SCMA),":[4],"as":[5],"a":[6,77,84,113,143,182,235],"codebook-based":[7],"non-orthogonal":[8],"(NOMA)":[11],"technique,":[12],"has":[13,26,102],"received":[14],"research":[15],"attention":[16],"in":[17,92,105,203,219,224,230,254,258,274],"recent":[18],"years.":[19],"The":[20,131,240,267],"codebook":[21,34,52,91,237],"design":[22,53],"problem":[23,54,59,162],"for":[24,126,293],"SCMA":[25,51,74,90,107,244],"also":[27,223],"been":[28,103],"studied":[29],"to":[30,39,60,82,97,250],"some":[31,225],"extent":[32],"since":[33],"choices":[35],"are":[36,80,247,265,278],"highly":[37],"related":[38],"the":[40,50,62,98,106,127,186,190,195,208,259,275,282,285],"system\u2019s":[41],"error":[42,204,272,290],"rate":[43,205],"performance.":[44],"In":[45,110],"this":[46,111],"paper,":[47,112],"we":[48],"approach":[49],"by":[55,194,281],"formulating":[56],"an":[57,167],"optimization":[58],"maximize":[61],"minimum":[63],"Euclidean":[64],"distance":[65],"(MED)":[66],"of":[67,94,145,147,170,172,175,207,211,243,271,289,297],"superimposed":[68],"codewords":[69],"under":[70],"power":[71],"constraints.":[72],"While":[73],"codebooks":[75,146,212],"with":[76,121,136,284],"larger":[78,153],"MED":[79,95,128,151,171,188],"expected":[81],"obtain":[83],"better":[85],"BER":[86],"performance,":[87],"no":[88],"optimal":[89],"terms":[93],"maximization,":[96],"authors\u2019":[99],"best":[100],"knowledge,":[101],"reported":[104,157],"literature":[108],"yet.":[109],"new":[114],"iterative":[115],"algorithm":[116],"based":[117],"on":[118],"alternating":[119],"maximization":[120,129],"exact":[122],"penalty":[123],"is":[124,152,163,180],"proposed":[125,132,209,241],"problem.":[130],"algorithm,":[133],"when":[134],"supplied":[135],"appropriate":[137],"initial":[138],"points":[139],"and":[140,189,269],"parameters,":[141],"achieves":[142],"set":[144,174,210,242,296],"all":[148,214],"users":[149],"whose":[150],"than":[154],"any":[155,173,294],"previously":[156],"results.":[158],"A":[159],"Lagrange":[160],"dual":[161,196],"derived":[164,292],"which":[165],"provides":[166],"upper":[168,191,287],"bound":[169,192],"codebooks.":[176,298],"Even":[177],"though":[178],"there":[179],"still":[181],"nonzero":[183],"gap":[184],"between":[185],"achieved":[187],"given":[193,295],"problem,":[197],"simulation":[198,276],"results":[199,277],"demonstrate":[200],"clear":[201],"advantages":[202],"performances":[206],"over":[213],"existing":[215,252],"ones":[216,253],"not":[217,248],"only":[218],"AWGN":[220],"channels":[221,256],"but":[222],"downlink":[226],"scenarios":[227],"that":[228],"fit":[229],"5G/NR":[231],"applications,":[232],"making":[233],"it":[234],"good":[236],"candidate":[238],"thereof.":[239],"codebooks,":[245],"however,":[246],"shown":[249],"outperform":[251],"uplink":[255],"or":[257],"case":[260],"where":[261],"non-consecutive":[262],"OFDMA":[263],"subcarriers":[264],"used.":[266],"correctness":[268],"accuracy":[270],"curves":[273],"further":[279],"confirmed":[280],"coincidences":[283],"theoretical":[286],"bounds":[288],"rates":[291]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2021-01-18T00:00:00"}