{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4213456949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3152807","title":"Performance Analysis of Massive Hybrid Directional Modulation With Mixed Phase Shifters","display_name":"Performance Analysis of Massive Hybrid Directional Modulation With Mixed Phase Shifters","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4213456949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3152807"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2022.3152807","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3152807","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038967783","display_name":"Rongen Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9746-8635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongen Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9746-8635","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007544643","display_name":"Baihua Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8556-9241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baihua Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8556-9241","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039684064","display_name":"Xichao Zhan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xichao Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044969631","display_name":"Feng Shu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0073-1965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0073-1965","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029002143","display_name":"Jiangzhou Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-3594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangzhou Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Digital Arts, University of Kent, Canterbury, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-3594","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Digital Arts, University of Kent, Canterbury, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0414,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73015853,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"5","first_page":"5604","last_page":"5608"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-module","display_name":"Phase shift module","score":0.5692073106765747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.5475746393203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4722912907600403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4332191050052643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4020289182662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.3753671944141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3723231256008148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.35847610235214233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.33194127678871155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22672593593597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.20733413100242615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.1051645576953888}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103864889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4480524","display_name":"Phase shift module","level":3,"score":0.5692073106765747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5475746393203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4722912907600403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4332191050052643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4020289182662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.3753671944141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3723231256008148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.35847610235214233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.33194127678871155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22672593593597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.20733413100242615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.1051645576953888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2022.3152807","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3152807","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G343839039","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KYQD(ZR)-21008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323370","funder_display_name":"Hainan University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5420527877","display_name":"\u65e0\u4eba\u673a\u534f\u540c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u57fa\u4e8e\u65b9\u5411\u8c03\u5236\u7684\u9690\u853d\u5b89\u5168\u4f20\u8f93\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61972093","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7701723719","display_name":"\u6df7\u5408\u6a21\u62df\u6570\u5b57\u7ed3\u6784\u7a7a\u95f4\u8c03\u5236\u65e0\u7ebf\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u4f20\u8f93\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62071234","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323370","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971370354","https://openalex.org/W2034651337","https://openalex.org/W2131350052","https://openalex.org/W2142143226","https://openalex.org/W2142280632","https://openalex.org/W2151807636","https://openalex.org/W2330040883","https://openalex.org/W2529048811","https://openalex.org/W2963286812","https://openalex.org/W2964120315","https://openalex.org/W2967282136","https://openalex.org/W3039238171","https://openalex.org/W3093731073","https://openalex.org/W4249875616"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368851831","https://openalex.org/W2978186478","https://openalex.org/W4232953560","https://openalex.org/W2361450273","https://openalex.org/W2100867535","https://openalex.org/W2375092694","https://openalex.org/W4297002520","https://openalex.org/W2067925807","https://openalex.org/W2463984512","https://openalex.org/W2039274977"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"reduce":[1],"the":[2,33,38,59,69,79,86,99,102,108,118,128,135,167,179,191],"signal-to-interference-plus-noise":[3],"ratio":[4,100],"(SINR)":[5],"loss":[6,44],"of":[7,35,41,62,85,101,104,111,130,137,169,172],"analog":[8,22,189],"directional":[9],"modulation":[10],"(DM)":[11],"with":[12,27,58,188],"finite":[13],"radio":[14],"frequency":[15],"(RF)":[16],"phase":[17,88],"shifters":[18,106,139,150,174],"(PSs),":[19],"a":[20,153,161,196],"hybrid":[21],"and":[23,49,123,160,201],"digital":[24],"(HAD)":[25],"DM":[26,193],"mixed":[28],"PSs":[29],"is":[30,66,96,140,146,175,182],"proposed.":[31],"Using":[32],"law":[34],"large":[36],"numbers,":[37],"closed-form":[39,60],"expressions":[40],"SINR":[42,63,70,119,154],"performance":[43],"(PL),":[45],"secrecy":[46],"rate":[47,52],"(SR),":[48],"bit":[50],"error":[51],"(BER)":[53],"are":[54],"derived.":[55],"In":[56],"accordance":[57],"expression":[61],"loss,":[64],"it":[65],"clear":[67],"that":[68,117],"PL":[71,155,181,200],"at":[72],"desired":[73],"receiver":[74],"(Bob)":[75],"gradually":[76,125],"decreases":[77],"as":[78,98,127],"fraction":[80,136],"<inline-formula":[81,92],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[82,93],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[83,94],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\eta$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[84,95],"low-resolution":[87,105,138,149,173],"shifter":[89],"decreases,":[90],"where":[91],"defined":[97],"number":[103,110,129,168],"to":[107,142,151,177],"total":[109],"shifters.":[112],"The":[113],"simulation":[114],"results":[115],"show":[116],"PL,":[120,122],"SR":[121,180],"BER":[124,163],"decrease":[126],"quantization":[131,170],"bits":[132,145,171],"increases.":[133],"When":[134],"equal":[141,176],"50%,":[143],"2":[144],"sufficient":[147],"for":[148],"achieve":[152],"less":[156],"than":[157],"0.5":[158],"dB":[159],"negligible":[162],"degradation.":[164],"Also,":[165],"when":[166],"2,":[178],"about":[183],"0.3":[184],"bits/s/Hz.":[185],"Thus,":[186],"compared":[187],"DM,":[190],"HAD":[192],"structure":[194],"strikes":[195],"good":[197],"balance":[198],"between":[199],"circuit":[202],"cost.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-20T07:56:41.581041","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}