{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206015514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3133647","title":"A Hybrid Modulation Featuring Two-Phase Clamped Discontinuous PWM and Zero Voltage Switching for 99% Efficient DC-Type EV Charger","display_name":"A Hybrid Modulation Featuring Two-Phase Clamped Discontinuous PWM and Zero Voltage Switching for 99% Efficient DC-Type EV Charger","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206015514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3133647"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3133647","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3133647","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077475475","display_name":"Junzhong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1980-9021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junzhong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1980-9021","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012515716","display_name":"Thiago Batista Soeiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8361-9110"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thiago Batista Soeiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy, DCE&S group, Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8361-9110","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy, DCE&S group, Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102845976","display_name":"Yong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-5413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-5413","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100706345","display_name":"Fei Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2496-3701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2496-3701","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039174701","display_name":"Houjun Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7038-8360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Houjun Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052336847","display_name":"Pavol Bauer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1171-9972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pavol Bauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy, DCE&S group, Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1171-9972","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy, DCE&S group, Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077475475"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4402,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8949793,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"2","first_page":"1454","last_page":"1465"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.6537072062492371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.5258172750473022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.5143696069717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.49791574478149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4889875650405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mosfet","display_name":"MOSFET","score":0.47884082794189453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.45635464787483215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.43049126863479614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-mosfet","display_name":"Power MOSFET","score":0.4219353497028351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.40805190801620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4009174704551697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25134193897247314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.16190895438194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.10118329524993896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.6537072062492371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.5258172750473022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.5143696069717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.49791574478149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4889875650405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778413303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210793","display_name":"MOSFET","level":4,"score":0.47884082794189453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.45635464787483215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.43049126863479614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88653102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570553","display_name":"Power MOSFET","level":5,"score":0.4219353497028351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.40805190801620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4009174704551697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25134193897247314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16190895438194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.10118329524993896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3133647","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3133647","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:f383ef06-68e6-4f0c-98fa-60425d41358b","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f383ef06-68e6-4f0c-98fa-60425d41358b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8712516346","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51577118","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970358587","https://openalex.org/W1977619868","https://openalex.org/W1993977488","https://openalex.org/W2006964565","https://openalex.org/W2013731504","https://openalex.org/W2080145054","https://openalex.org/W2083495778","https://openalex.org/W2098691887","https://openalex.org/W2103380430","https://openalex.org/W2144724410","https://openalex.org/W2154511661","https://openalex.org/W2160516531","https://openalex.org/W2167543695","https://openalex.org/W2294692278","https://openalex.org/W2533138334","https://openalex.org/W2606490978","https://openalex.org/W2756496452","https://openalex.org/W2771027604","https://openalex.org/W2802768231","https://openalex.org/W2907082245","https://openalex.org/W2908385063","https://openalex.org/W2913256734","https://openalex.org/W2969911289","https://openalex.org/W2970847995","https://openalex.org/W2994675704","https://openalex.org/W3012486120","https://openalex.org/W3015055476","https://openalex.org/W3048858172","https://openalex.org/W3107518946","https://openalex.org/W3109081369","https://openalex.org/W3113110972","https://openalex.org/W3123775503","https://openalex.org/W3137801676","https://openalex.org/W3168037960","https://openalex.org/W4237286250"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2161636646","https://openalex.org/W2385412623","https://openalex.org/W1970310371","https://openalex.org/W2258872751","https://openalex.org/W1989524762","https://openalex.org/W2084498066","https://openalex.org/W2543878150","https://openalex.org/W1566503697","https://openalex.org/W808580226","https://openalex.org/W2130827112"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two-stage":[0],"AC-DC":[1,204],"converters":[2],"are":[3,103],"considered":[4],"as":[5],"a":[6,39,48,197],"prominent":[7],"solution":[8,215],"for":[9,43,133],"DC-type":[10,44],"electric":[11],"vehicle":[12],"(EV)":[13],"chargers.":[14],"However,":[15],"this":[16,34,36],"kind":[17],"of":[18,95,164,176,224],"architecture":[19],"suffers":[20],"from":[21],"high":[22,119],"switching":[23,68,87,114,162],"losses":[24,149,163],"with":[25,60,213],"large":[26],"heatsink":[27],"and":[28,117,171,194,227],"DC-link":[29],"capacitor":[30],"volume.":[31],"To":[32],"relieve":[33],"issue,":[35],"paper":[37],"presents":[38],"new":[40],"hybrid":[41],"modulation":[42],"EV":[45],"chargers,":[46],"where":[47],"two-phase":[49],"clamped":[50],"discontinuous":[51],"pulse-width-modulation":[52],"(DPWM)":[53],"in":[54,78,89,140,196],"the":[55,61,79,86,90,96,100,112,141,147,151,156,161,165,168,177,183,214,217],"front-end":[56,91],"circuit":[57],"is":[58,190],"cooperated":[59],"variable":[62],"frequency":[63],"triangular-current-mode":[64],"(TCM)":[65],"zero":[66],"voltage":[67,223],"(ZVS)":[69],"or":[70,125],"its":[71],"simplified":[72],"implementation,":[73],"i.e.,":[74],"boundary-ZVS":[75],"(B-ZVS)":[76],"strategy,":[77],"back-end":[80],"circuit.":[81],"The":[82,187],"former":[83],"can":[84,109,128,159,210],"stop":[85],"actions":[88],"stage":[92,143],"during":[93,136],"two-thirds":[94],"grid":[97],"period,":[98],"while":[99],"AC":[101],"currents":[102],"at":[104,220],"their":[105],"highest":[106],"values,":[107],"which":[108],"yield":[110],"to":[111,144,167],"best":[113,169],"loss":[115],"reduction":[116],"deliver":[118],"power":[120,148,179,184,208],"factor":[121],"operation.":[122],"Besides,":[123],"TCM-ZVS":[124,218],"B-ZVS":[126],"modulations":[127],"achieve":[129],"ZVS":[130],"turn-on":[131],"action":[132],"all":[134,137],"semiconductors":[135],"operating":[138],"range":[139],"DC-DC":[142],"further":[145],"reduce":[146,160],"on":[150],"semiconductors.":[152],"With":[153],"such":[154],"characteristics,":[155],"proposed":[157,188],"strategies":[158],"system":[166,178],"extent,":[170],"thus":[172],"allow":[173],"an":[174,221],"enhancement":[175],"density":[180],"by":[181],"improving":[182],"conversion":[185],"efficiency.":[186],"strategy":[189,219],"described,":[191],"analyzed,":[192],"validated,":[193],"benchmarked":[195],"5":[198],"kW":[199],"SMD":[200],"SiC":[201],"MOSFET-based":[202],"two-stage":[203],"converter.":[205],"A":[206],"99%":[207],"efficiency":[209],"be":[211],"achieved":[212],"implementing":[216],"output":[222],"400":[225],"V":[226],"rated":[228],"power.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
