{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205262958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3133596","title":"Transmit-Receive Beamforming for Distributed Phased-MIMO Radar System","display_name":"Transmit-Receive Beamforming for Distributed Phased-MIMO Radar System","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205262958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3133596"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3133596","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3133596","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102981729","display_name":"Ruitao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3302-8206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruitao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communi- cation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communi- cation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100349326","display_name":"Wei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8772-5634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Electronic Information Control Laboratory, Chengdu, China","University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Electronic Information Control Laboratory, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000051029","display_name":"Xianxiang Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8133-4429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianxiang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communi- cation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communi- cation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085251147","display_name":"Qinghui Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6783-311X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinghui Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communi- cation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communi- cation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029365619","display_name":"Wenqiang Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1261-1150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenqiang Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communi- cation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communi- cation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022778463","display_name":"Lingjiang Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0991-4517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingjiang Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communi- cation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communi- cation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015609860","display_name":"Guolong Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5707-6311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guolong Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communi- cation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communi- cation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102981729"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.1786,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99140183,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"2","first_page":"1439","last_page":"1453"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6833347082138062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phased-array","display_name":"Phased array","score":0.6685891151428223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.6639377474784851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6306344866752625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5637359023094177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coordinate-descent","display_name":"Coordinate descent","score":0.5401716232299805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4920055568218231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47214749455451965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4666694700717926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.46632081270217896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxation","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","score":0.42194420099258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.38617056608200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.32907751202583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3071688413619995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.1354132890701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1346447467803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.11517837643623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08902499079704285}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6833347082138062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55494473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727898","display_name":"Phased array","level":3,"score":0.6685891151428223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.6639377474784851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6306344866752625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5637359023094177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157553263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5168004","display_name":"Coordinate descent","level":2,"score":0.5401716232299805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4920055568218231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47214749455451965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4666694700717926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.46632081270217896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42194420099258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.38617056608200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.32907751202583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3071688413619995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.1354132890701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1346447467803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.11517837643623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08902499079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3133596","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3133596","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2194598341","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G410443062","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871080","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5823329329","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021T140096","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6394804972","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61701088","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8200972472","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M680147","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8328824696","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U19B2017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8419690675","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101097","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8978917354","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B17008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W653761051","https://openalex.org/W1538006934","https://openalex.org/W1964315948","https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W2008618936","https://openalex.org/W2018744547","https://openalex.org/W2019204771","https://openalex.org/W2047371708","https://openalex.org/W2058349127","https://openalex.org/W2060108923","https://openalex.org/W2083506609","https://openalex.org/W2089811325","https://openalex.org/W2106304262","https://openalex.org/W2128380657","https://openalex.org/W2129640939","https://openalex.org/W2132506160","https://openalex.org/W2136328732","https://openalex.org/W2156576615","https://openalex.org/W2165518466","https://openalex.org/W2171576754","https://openalex.org/W2301926930","https://openalex.org/W2317655052","https://openalex.org/W2324740189","https://openalex.org/W2511333265","https://openalex.org/W2540592878","https://openalex.org/W2626365322","https://openalex.org/W2755653495","https://openalex.org/W2763187878","https://openalex.org/W2793695853","https://openalex.org/W2796642176","https://openalex.org/W2802688786","https://openalex.org/W2809430501","https://openalex.org/W2810939342","https://openalex.org/W2886411291","https://openalex.org/W2889734107","https://openalex.org/W2921796004","https://openalex.org/W2944924935","https://openalex.org/W2955704495","https://openalex.org/W2969095443","https://openalex.org/W2972212215","https://openalex.org/W2988564745","https://openalex.org/W3006085469","https://openalex.org/W3006342752","https://openalex.org/W3007664534","https://openalex.org/W3016842488","https://openalex.org/W3042943471","https://openalex.org/W3104917643","https://openalex.org/W3114888285","https://openalex.org/W3204131480","https://openalex.org/W6682633342"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2180954594","https://openalex.org/W2052835778","https://openalex.org/W2049003611","https://openalex.org/W2127804977","https://openalex.org/W2108418243","https://openalex.org/W164103134","https://openalex.org/W2787352659","https://openalex.org/W1989454727","https://openalex.org/W2127587082","https://openalex.org/W2724724053"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Distributed":[0],"phased":[1],"Multiple-Input":[2],"Multiple-Output":[3],"(phased-MIMO)":[4],"radar":[5],"system":[6],"consisting":[7],"of":[8,28,129,135],"separated":[9],"subarrays":[10],"possesses":[11],"a":[12,29],"high":[13,19,95],"angle":[14],"resolution":[15],"but":[16],"with":[17,40],"sharing":[18],"sidelobes.":[20],"This":[21],"paper":[22],"therefore":[23],"focuses":[24],"on":[25,79],"the":[26,66,80,90,106,127,130,136],"design":[27,118],"virtual":[30],"low-sidelobe":[31],"beampattern":[32,53,138],"in":[33,133],"distributed":[34],"phased-MIMO":[35],"radar.":[36],"An":[37],"iterative":[38],"framework":[39,84],"respect":[41],"to":[42,51,87,117,125],"subarray":[43,91],"layout":[44,92,97],"and":[45,105,111,142],"receive":[46],"weighting":[47,119],"coefficients":[48],"is":[49,85],"proposed":[50,131],"minimize":[52],"Peak":[54],"Sidelobe":[55],"Level":[56],"(PSL)":[57],"accounting":[58],"for":[59,89],"practical":[60],"position":[61],"constraints":[62,141],"as":[63,65],"well":[64],"mainlobe":[67],"level":[68],"restriction.":[69],"In":[70],"each":[71],"iteration,":[72],"an":[73],"efficient":[74],"cyclic":[75],"optimization":[76,98,103],"algorithm":[77],"based":[78],"Coordinate":[81],"Descent":[82],"(CD)":[83],"developed":[86],"seek":[88],"through":[93],"splitting":[94],"dimensional":[96],"problem":[99],"into":[100],"multiple":[101],"one-dimensional":[102],"problems,":[104],"SemiDefinite":[107],"Relaxation":[108],"(SDR)":[109],"technique":[110],"rank":[112],"one":[113],"approximation":[114],"are":[115,123],"explored":[116],"coefficients.":[120],"Numerical":[121],"simulations":[122],"provided":[124],"assess":[126],"performance":[128],"algorithms":[132],"term":[134],"achieved":[137],"under":[139],"different":[140],"parameter":[143],"settings.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}