{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215423355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3131765","title":"A Non-Stationary 3-D Wideband Channel Model for Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Assisted HAP-MIMO Communication Systems","display_name":"A Non-Stationary 3-D Wideband Channel Model for Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Assisted HAP-MIMO Communication Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215423355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3131765","mag":"3215423355"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3131765","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3131765","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048006235","display_name":"Zhuxian Lian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0865-2615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhuxian Lian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012903446","display_name":"Yinjie Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5736-3935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinjie Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100454900","display_name":"Yajun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1936-4747"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yajun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103085389","display_name":"Lingge Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3895-6457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingge Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048006235"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9346,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91589603,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"2","first_page":"1109","last_page":"1123"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9782000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.7660235166549683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7389534115791321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.7009517550468445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.6794637441635132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.5941659212112427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5767640471458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5609728693962097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.4886639416217804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4796641170978546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.42507585883140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3191802501678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27456748485565186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.7660235166549683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7389534115791321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.7009517550468445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.6794637441635132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.5941659212112427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5767640471458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5609728693962097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.4886639416217804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4796641170978546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.42507585883140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3191802501678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27456748485565186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3131765","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3131765","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4253540798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6501023007","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62001194","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W836396136","https://openalex.org/W1997036878","https://openalex.org/W2022276843","https://openalex.org/W2022301613","https://openalex.org/W2041528569","https://openalex.org/W2078352566","https://openalex.org/W2136513415","https://openalex.org/W2149743051","https://openalex.org/W2189783830","https://openalex.org/W2340550737","https://openalex.org/W2345312651","https://openalex.org/W2580241428","https://openalex.org/W2613886594","https://openalex.org/W2735938380","https://openalex.org/W2904441958","https://openalex.org/W2918864279","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2964005248","https://openalex.org/W2964900439","https://openalex.org/W2968389137","https://openalex.org/W2968535831","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2984937369","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2991374702","https://openalex.org/W2991743273","https://openalex.org/W2998267513","https://openalex.org/W3005347223","https://openalex.org/W3035386068","https://openalex.org/W3043981101","https://openalex.org/W3049287381","https://openalex.org/W3059813204","https://openalex.org/W3081243160","https://openalex.org/W3084194173","https://openalex.org/W3090954451","https://openalex.org/W3104300639","https://openalex.org/W3114073149","https://openalex.org/W3117633996","https://openalex.org/W3122751454","https://openalex.org/W3149129838","https://openalex.org/W3167951956","https://openalex.org/W3198828719","https://openalex.org/W3200128456","https://openalex.org/W3201869593","https://openalex.org/W6771287097","https://openalex.org/W6779449201"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2376969857","https://openalex.org/W207732638","https://openalex.org/W2801592279","https://openalex.org/W4252788403","https://openalex.org/W2171869298","https://openalex.org/W2034040913","https://openalex.org/W2257001073","https://openalex.org/W1992602584","https://openalex.org/W2549306799","https://openalex.org/W1501764219"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intelligent":[0],"reflecting":[1],"surface":[2],"(IRS)":[3],"composed":[4],"of":[5,91,104,126,165,182,187,214],"unit":[6],"cells":[7],"with":[8,179],"tunable":[9],"reflection":[10,89,94,107,137,148,167,190],"coefficients,":[11],"amplitude,":[12],"phase,":[13],"and":[14,37,64,70,79,98,101,123,150,162,185,192,206,211],"frequency":[15],"has":[16],"received":[17,117,142],"great":[18],"interest":[19],"from":[20],"wireless":[21],"communication":[22,50,128,217],"communities.":[23],"In":[24,83],"this":[25],"paper,":[26],"a":[27],"non-stationary":[28],"three-dimensional":[29],"(3-D)":[30],"wideband":[31],"IRS-assisted":[32],"channel":[33,54,196],"model,":[34,86],"including":[35],"spatial":[36,124,175,199],"temporal":[38],"non-stationarity,":[39],"is":[40,171],"proposed":[41,53,85,194],"for":[42,208],"high":[43],"altitude":[44],"platform":[45],"(HAP)":[46],"multiple-input":[47],"multiple-output":[48],"(MIMO)":[49],"systems.":[51,129,218],"The":[52,130],"model":[55,197],"considers":[56],"the":[57,61,68,84,87,92,99,102,105,135,141,147,160,163,174,180,183,188,193],"propagation":[58],"environment":[59],"around":[60,66],"receiver":[62],"(Rx)":[63],"that":[65,134,173],"both":[67],"IRS":[69,93,106,136,166,189],"Rx,":[71],"which":[72,112],"are":[73,96,109,113],"modeled":[74],"using":[75],"multiple":[76],"3-D":[77],"cylinders":[78],"confocal":[80],"elliptic-cylinders,":[81],"respectively.":[82],"optimal":[88],"phases":[90,149],"units":[95,108,138],"proposed,":[97],"number":[100,161,184],"size":[103,164,186],"also":[110],"considered,":[111],"used":[114],"to":[115],"investigate":[116],"signal":[118,143],"strength,":[119],"multipath":[120,151],"fading":[121,152],"effect,":[122],"non-stationarity":[125],"IRS-aided":[127,195,215],"numerical":[131],"results":[132],"show":[133],"can":[139,154,203],"improve":[140],"strength":[144],"by":[145,158],"adjusting":[146],"effect":[153],"be":[155],"effectively":[156],"reduced":[157],"increasing":[159],"units.":[168],"Also,":[169],"it":[170],"found":[172],"correlation":[176],"significantly":[177],"decreases":[178],"increase":[181],"units,":[191],"presents":[198],"non-stationarity.":[200],"These":[201],"observations":[202],"provide":[204],"guidelines":[205],"references":[207],"systems":[209],"design":[210],"performance":[212],"analysis":[213],"HAP-MIMO":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}