{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3205019352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3121440","title":"Capacity Planning for an Electric Vehicle Charging Station Considering Fuzzy Quality of Service and Multiple Charging Options","display_name":"Capacity Planning for an Electric Vehicle Charging Station Considering Fuzzy Quality of Service and Multiple Charging Options","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3205019352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3121440","mag":"3205019352"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3121440","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3121440","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk/bitstream/10397/92302/1/Zhao_Capacity_Planning_Electric.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083267405","display_name":"Zhonghao Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0210-2153"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhonghao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China","[Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 26680 Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, (e-mail: zhongh.zhao@connect.polyu.hk)]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0210-2153","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 26680 Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, (e-mail: zhongh.zhao@connect.polyu.hk)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043324316","display_name":"Min Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3088-0358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China","[Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 26680 Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, (e-mail: min.m.xu@polyu.edu.hk)]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 26680 Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, (e-mail: min.m.xu@polyu.edu.hk)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004693919","display_name":"C.K.M. Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8577-4547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carman K.M. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China","[Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 26680 Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, (e-mail: ckm.lee@polyu.edu.hk)]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8577-4547","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 26680 Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, (e-mail: ckm.lee@polyu.edu.hk)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4581,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89538638,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"12","first_page":"12529","last_page":"12541"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.629995584487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.6034994721412659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.5944969654083252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queueing-theory","display_name":"Queueing theory","score":0.5903131365776062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charging-station","display_name":"Charging station","score":0.4798540472984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.46735337376594543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.45716843008995056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-quality","display_name":"Service quality","score":0.420086532831192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41565608978271484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.41418319940567017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.4066859483718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.38017538189888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.36782586574554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.20692035555839539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19777697324752808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09630915522575378}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.629995584487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.6034994721412659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.5944969654083252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22684755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847526","display_name":"Queueing theory","level":2,"score":0.5903131365776062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779607880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2140665","display_name":"Charging station","level":4,"score":0.4798540472984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.46735337376594543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.45716843008995056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140781008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221081","display_name":"Service quality","level":3,"score":0.420086532831192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41565608978271484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.41418319940567017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.4066859483718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.38017538189888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.36782586574554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.20692035555839539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19777697324752808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09630915522575378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3121440","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3121440","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/92302","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/92302","pdf_url":"http://ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk/bitstream/10397/92302/1/Zhao_Capacity_Planning_Electric.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/92302","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/92302","pdf_url":"http://ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk/bitstream/10397/92302/1/Zhao_Capacity_Planning_Electric.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3205019352.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3205019352.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1572734186","https://openalex.org/W1973687729","https://openalex.org/W1988751550","https://openalex.org/W2005647119","https://openalex.org/W2011781061","https://openalex.org/W2017651415","https://openalex.org/W2023366187","https://openalex.org/W2024897534","https://openalex.org/W2041438548","https://openalex.org/W2047902637","https://openalex.org/W2071515809","https://openalex.org/W2098096678","https://openalex.org/W2138114791","https://openalex.org/W2141419097","https://openalex.org/W2153692608","https://openalex.org/W2168691517","https://openalex.org/W2194845202","https://openalex.org/W2231928583","https://openalex.org/W2488886573","https://openalex.org/W2521011633","https://openalex.org/W2528101458","https://openalex.org/W2552374230","https://openalex.org/W2590619129","https://openalex.org/W2767084176","https://openalex.org/W2772342199","https://openalex.org/W2898226785","https://openalex.org/W2901201386","https://openalex.org/W2912786760","https://openalex.org/W2928663147","https://openalex.org/W2990691480","https://openalex.org/W2995781856","https://openalex.org/W2998120512","https://openalex.org/W3009782387","https://openalex.org/W3013398906","https://openalex.org/W3134645277","https://openalex.org/W3187106228","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4230588984","https://openalex.org/W6630681825"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2981497404","https://openalex.org/W2362149433","https://openalex.org/W4378211444","https://openalex.org/W3203839526","https://openalex.org/W2986711310","https://openalex.org/W2156399915","https://openalex.org/W4310614479","https://openalex.org/W2084958424","https://openalex.org/W4390190385","https://openalex.org/W2040882490"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electric":[0],"vehicles":[1],"(EVs)":[2],"have":[3],"received":[4],"considerable":[5],"attention":[6],"in":[7,27],"dealing":[8],"with":[9,141,156],"severe":[10],"environmental":[11],"and":[12,61,76,83,132,146,149],"energy":[13],"crises.":[14],"The":[15,70,124],"capacity":[16,46,137],"planning":[17,47],"of":[18,33,53,72,126,138],"public":[19],"charging":[20,44,63,139,158],"stations":[21,140],"has":[22],"been":[23],"a":[24,113,151],"major":[25],"factor":[26],"facilitating":[28],"the":[29,50,73,105,108,127,136],"wide":[30],"market":[31],"penetration":[32],"EVs.":[34],"In":[35],"this":[36],"paper,":[37],"we":[38],"present":[39],"an":[40,94],"optimization":[41],"model":[42,129],"for":[43,122,154],"station":[45],"to":[48,103,134],"maximize":[49],"fuzzy":[51,86,142],"quality":[52],"service":[54,77,147,153],"(FQoS)":[55],"considering":[56],"queuing":[57],"behavior,":[58],"blocking":[59],"reliability,":[60],"multiple":[62],"options":[64],"classified":[65],"by":[66,89,120],"battery":[67],"technical":[68],"specifications.":[69],"uncertainty":[71],"EV":[74,143],"arrival":[75,144],"time":[78],"are":[79],"taken":[80],"into":[81],"account":[82],"described":[84],"as":[85],"numbers":[87],"characterized":[88],"triangular":[90],"membership":[91],"functions.":[92],"Meanwhile,":[93],"<inline-formula":[95],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[96],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[97],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\alpha$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[98],"-cuts-based":[99],"algorithm":[100],"is":[101],"proposed":[102,128],"defuzzify":[104],"FQoS.":[106,123],"Finally,":[107],"numerical":[109],"results":[110],"illustrate":[111],"that":[112],"more":[114],"robust":[115],"plan":[116,135],"can":[117],"be":[118],"obtained":[119],"accounting":[121],"contribution":[125],"allows":[130],"decision-makers":[131],"operators":[133],"rate":[145,148],"provide":[150],"better":[152],"customers":[155],"different":[157],"options.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-08T08:33:18.762332","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}