{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3204702251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3116619","title":"Diffie-Hellman in the Air: A Link Layer Approach for In-Band Wireless Pairing","display_name":"Diffie-Hellman in the Air: A Link Layer Approach for In-Band Wireless Pairing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3204702251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3116619","mag":"3204702251"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3116619","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3116619","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020087391","display_name":"Wenlong Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5021-0183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenlong Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084146010","display_name":"Yu Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4837-3370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4837-3370","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004923751","display_name":"Bo Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9574-7032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9574-7032","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101048473","display_name":"Jin Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085757528","display_name":"Xianghui Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6771-0571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianghui Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6771-0571","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2827,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81534915,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"11","first_page":"11894","last_page":"11907"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/man-in-the-middle-attack","display_name":"Man-in-the-middle attack","score":0.9347182512283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6970555782318115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-exchange","display_name":"Key exchange","score":0.6873482465744019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6292240619659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5859537720680237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffie\u2013hellman-key-exchange","display_name":"Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange","score":0.5512814521789551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5149177312850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.498382568359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.48666316270828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4593724012374878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairing","display_name":"Pairing","score":0.44772863388061523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.4452388286590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.413852334022522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4080463945865631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.26476937532424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1719508171081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.07147642970085144}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196491621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554830","display_name":"Man-in-the-middle attack","level":3,"score":0.9347182512283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6970555782318115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99674996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414155","display_name":"Key exchange","level":4,"score":0.6873482465744019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6292240619659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5859537720680237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29524669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623447","display_name":"Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange","level":5,"score":0.5512814521789551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5149177312850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.498382568359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.48666316270828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4593724012374878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14103023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681459","display_name":"Pairing","level":3,"score":0.44772863388061523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.4452388286590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.413852334022522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4080463945865631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.26476937532424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1719508171081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.07147642970085144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54101563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124131","display_name":"Superconductivity","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3116619","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3116619","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6719098709","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92067111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1596662236","https://openalex.org/W1874069312","https://openalex.org/W1944983855","https://openalex.org/W1954124505","https://openalex.org/W1968616969","https://openalex.org/W1983742753","https://openalex.org/W2029693536","https://openalex.org/W2087355434","https://openalex.org/W2091729149","https://openalex.org/W2092873622","https://openalex.org/W2099399600","https://openalex.org/W2116070678","https://openalex.org/W2128552497","https://openalex.org/W2156186849","https://openalex.org/W2162598825","https://openalex.org/W2169929745","https://openalex.org/W2171528862","https://openalex.org/W2344743250","https://openalex.org/W2474869504","https://openalex.org/W2511829000","https://openalex.org/W2542926048","https://openalex.org/W2746142996","https://openalex.org/W2747564141","https://openalex.org/W2751656598","https://openalex.org/W2766749922","https://openalex.org/W2795290712","https://openalex.org/W2809107162","https://openalex.org/W2894571204","https://openalex.org/W2897694770","https://openalex.org/W2909779905","https://openalex.org/W2953094955","https://openalex.org/W2965389614","https://openalex.org/W2996615959","https://openalex.org/W3007112828","https://openalex.org/W3009627224","https://openalex.org/W3011989826","https://openalex.org/W3014632959","https://openalex.org/W3031793885","https://openalex.org/W3099230381","https://openalex.org/W3118799686","https://openalex.org/W6674698453","https://openalex.org/W6685256444"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205947986","https://openalex.org/W36197628","https://openalex.org/W4214730958","https://openalex.org/W2391595324","https://openalex.org/W2791530277","https://openalex.org/W3107614271","https://openalex.org/W2183582611","https://openalex.org/W3204702251","https://openalex.org/W4206257450","https://openalex.org/W1582813804"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Key":[0],"establishment":[1,44],"is":[2,15,51,106,159,174,191],"one":[3],"fundamental":[4],"issue":[5],"in":[6,101,110],"wireless":[7,47,67,199],"security.":[8],"The":[9,124,153,188],"widely":[10],"used":[11],"Diffie-Hellman":[12,104],"key":[13,43,87,126],"exchange":[14,88,127],"vulnerable":[16],"to":[17,23,133],"the":[18,38,42,54,61,66,75,97,103,121,130,140,149,156,167,171,177],"man-in-the-middle":[19],"(MITM)":[20],"attack":[21,40,179],"due":[22],"its":[24,91],"lack":[25],"of":[26,65,155],"mutual":[27],"authentication.":[28],"This":[29],"paper":[30],"presents":[31],"a":[32,86,111,183],"novel":[33],"in-band":[34],"solution":[35,50,158,173,190],"for":[36,46,96],"defending":[37],"MITM":[39,131,178],"during":[41],"process":[45],"devices.":[48,200],"Our":[49],"based":[52],"on":[53,120,197],"insight":[55],"that":[56,170],"an":[57],"attacker":[58,76,132],"inevitably":[59],"affects":[60],"link":[62],"layer":[63],"behavior":[64,71],"channel,":[68],"and":[69,90,164,166,180,193],"this":[70],"change":[72],"introduced":[73],"by":[74,80,116,148],"can":[77,144,181,194],"be":[78,146,195],"detected":[79],"legitimate":[81],"users.":[82],"Specifically,":[83],"we":[84],"propose":[85],"protocol":[89,98,128],"corresponding":[92],"channel":[93],"access":[94],"mechanism":[95],"message":[99],"transmission,":[100],"which":[102,143],"parameter":[105],"transmitted":[107],"multiple":[108,135],"times":[109],"row":[112],"without":[113],"being":[114],"interrupted":[115],"other":[117],"data":[118],"transmissions":[119],"same":[122],"channel.":[123],"proposed":[125,150,157,172,189],"forces":[129],"cause":[134],"packet":[136],"collisions":[137],"consecutively":[138],"at":[139],"receiver":[141],"side,":[142],"then":[145],"monitored":[147],"detection":[151],"algorithm.":[152],"performance":[154],"validated":[160],"through":[161],"both":[162],"analysis":[163],"simulations":[165],"results":[168],"show":[169],"secure":[175],"against":[176],"achieve":[182],"low":[184],"false":[185],"positive":[186],"ratio.":[187],"in-band,":[192],"implemented":[196],"off-the-shelf":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
