{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3199508490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3113979","title":"A Real-Time Model Predictive Controller for Power Control in Extended-Range Auxiliary Power Unit","display_name":"A Real-Time Model Predictive Controller for Power Control in Extended-Range Auxiliary Power Unit","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3199508490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3113979","mag":"3199508490"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3113979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3113979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102761574","display_name":"Jie Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7172-7990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Multispectral Information Processing, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7172-7990","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Multispectral Information Processing, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003746021","display_name":"Feng Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8993-5157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Multispectral Information Processing, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8993-5157","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Multispectral Information Processing, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110786910","display_name":"Wenyu Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9285-8825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenyu Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Imaging Processing and Intelligent Control, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Imaging Processing and Intelligent Control, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002008227","display_name":"Qichangyi Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4027-990X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qichangyi Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Multispectral Information Processing, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Multispectral Information Processing, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029172627","display_name":"Jinbang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7241-1245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinbang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Multispectral Information Processing, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Multispectral Information Processing, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082169962","display_name":"Anwen Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2180-0181"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anwen Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Imaging Processing and Intelligent Control, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Imaging Processing and Intelligent Control, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3863,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81149162,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"11","first_page":"11419","last_page":"11432"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.8299797773361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penalty-method","display_name":"Penalty method","score":0.7402347326278687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.6587178707122803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/karush\u2013kuhn\u2013tucker-conditions","display_name":"Karush\u2013Kuhn\u2013Tucker conditions","score":0.5920443534851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-predictive-control","display_name":"Model predictive control","score":0.540344774723053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5150566101074219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4906681776046753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-point","display_name":"Operating point","score":0.4892263412475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.4875606894493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limit","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","score":0.4822733998298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.45843157172203064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.44543012976646423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.39595139026641846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3402674198150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3060709238052368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.10920777916908264}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.8299797773361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6180225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3411771","display_name":"Penalty method","level":2,"score":0.7402347326278687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.6587178707122803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50454189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2075125","display_name":"Karush\u2013Kuhn\u2013Tucker conditions","level":2,"score":0.5920443534851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.540344774723053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5150566101074219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4906681776046753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22762622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628904","display_name":"Operating point","level":2,"score":0.4892263412475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.4875606894493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4822733998298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45843157172203064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.44543012976646423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.39595139026641846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3402674198150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3060709238052368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.10920777916908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3113979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3113979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038979007","https://openalex.org/W2073265799","https://openalex.org/W2077862436","https://openalex.org/W2084008601","https://openalex.org/W2116773335","https://openalex.org/W2135827142","https://openalex.org/W2250558677","https://openalex.org/W2338743665","https://openalex.org/W2508367002","https://openalex.org/W2583880814","https://openalex.org/W2619181799","https://openalex.org/W2620788251","https://openalex.org/W2744741251","https://openalex.org/W2754582583","https://openalex.org/W2887910432","https://openalex.org/W2894375582","https://openalex.org/W2941223119","https://openalex.org/W2942689731","https://openalex.org/W2969082766","https://openalex.org/W2980721717","https://openalex.org/W3024178427","https://openalex.org/W3075992291","https://openalex.org/W3093286894","https://openalex.org/W3153295413","https://openalex.org/W6725090241"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2615021531","https://openalex.org/W3124984523","https://openalex.org/W3197628960","https://openalex.org/W3082506973","https://openalex.org/W2087263351","https://openalex.org/W2061750202","https://openalex.org/W2128707062","https://openalex.org/W1584005906","https://openalex.org/W2918200358","https://openalex.org/W2889297180"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,53],"the":[1,6,10,13,20,30,42,57,72,76,79,83,90,95,101,110,114,118,123,129,133,139,147,153,158,161,168,176,180,193],"power":[2,50,85],"control":[3],"process":[4],"of":[5,18,32,75,112,132,150,160,179,192],"range":[7,207],"extender,":[8],"both":[9],"engine":[11,77],"and":[12,78,190,203],"generator":[14,80],"are":[15,46,196],"at":[16],"risk":[17],"reaching":[19],"torque":[21,35,62,73,120],"output":[22,36],"limit.":[23],"The":[24,188],"limitation":[25],"not":[26],"only":[27],"comes":[28,40],"from":[29,41,89],"restriction":[31],"their":[33],"own":[34],"capacity,":[37],"but":[38],"also":[39],"additional":[43],"constraints":[44],"that":[45,70,175],"established":[47],"to":[48,55,81,143,167],"avoid":[49],"reverse":[51],"undershoot.":[52],"order":[54],"improve":[56],"system":[58],"performance":[59],"under":[60],"time-varying":[61],"constraints,":[63,152],"a":[64,206],"real-time":[65],"model":[66],"predictive":[67],"controller":[68],"(MPC)":[69],"manipulates":[71],"commands":[74],"track":[82],"reference":[84],"is":[86,98,126,173],"designed.":[87],"Different":[88],"traditional":[91],"penalty":[92,102,135,140,148],"function":[93,97,103],"method,":[94],"quadratic":[96,134],"taken":[99,127],"as":[100,128],"in":[104,122],"this":[105],"paper,":[106],"which":[107,137],"greatly":[108],"improves":[109],"efficiency":[111],"solving":[113],"optimal":[115,155,177],"solution.":[116],"Meanwhile,":[117],"steady-state":[119],"command":[121],"feasible":[124],"region":[125],"extreme":[130],"point":[131],"function,":[136],"avoids":[138],"coefficient":[141],"tending":[142],"infinity.":[144],"By":[145],"adjusting":[146],"coefficients":[149],"different":[151],"overall":[154],"solution":[156,178],"approaches":[157],"boundary":[159],"active":[162],"inequality":[163],"constraints.":[164],"And":[165],"according":[166],"Karush-Kuhn-Tucker":[169],"(KKT)":[170],"condition,":[171],"it":[172],"proved":[174],"original":[181],"problem":[182],"can":[183],"be":[184],"obtained":[185],"through":[186,198],"iteration.":[187],"effectiveness":[189],"practicability":[191],"proposed":[194],"strategy":[195],"evaluated":[197],"numerical":[199],"simulations":[200],"on":[201,205],"Simulink":[202],"experiments":[204],"extender.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-30T13:55:48.251075","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
