{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3198127641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3109236","title":"Spectrum Sensing and Signal Identification With Deep Learning Based on Spectral Correlation Function","display_name":"Spectrum Sensing and Signal Identification With Deep Learning Based on Spectral Correlation Function","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3198127641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3109236","mag":"3198127641"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:polen.itu.edu.tr:11527/49259","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11527/49259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400460","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University Academic Open Archive (Istanbul Technical University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","host_organization_name":"Istanbul Technical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"K\u00fcrsat Tekbiyik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141511","display_name":"TUBITAK BILGEM","ror":"https://ror.org/057kvja37","country_code":"TR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K\u00fcrsat Tekbiyik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, \u0130stanbul Technical University, \u0130stanbul, \u0130stanbul, Turkey","Informatics and Information Security Research Center (B\u0130LGEM), T\u00dcB\u0130TAK, Kocaeli, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, \u0130stanbul Technical University, \u0130stanbul, \u0130stanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics and Information Security Research Center (B\u0130LGEM), T\u00dcB\u0130TAK, Kocaeli, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082459052","display_name":"\u00d6zkan Akbunar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141511","display_name":"TUBITAK BILGEM","ror":"https://ror.org/057kvja37","country_code":"TR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66514158","display_name":"Hacettepe University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kwvgz42","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66514158"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00d6zkan Akbunar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Hacettepe University Ankara, Ankara, Turkey","Informatics and Information Security Research Center (B\u0130LGEM), T\u00dcB\u0130TAK, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Hacettepe University Ankara, Ankara, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66514158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics and Information Security Research Center (B\u0130LGEM), T\u00dcB\u0130TAK, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001803438","display_name":"Ali R\u0131za Ekti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0368-0374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115600380","display_name":"Bal\u0131kesir University","ror":"https://ror.org/02tv7db43","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115600380"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141511","display_name":"TUBITAK BILGEM","ror":"https://ror.org/057kvja37","country_code":"TR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Riza Ekti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey","Informatics and Information Security Research Center (B\u0130LGEM), T\u00dcB\u0130TAK, Kocaeli, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115600380"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics and Information Security Research Center (B\u0130LGEM), T\u00dcB\u0130TAK, Kocaeli, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070377724","display_name":"Ali G\u00f6r\u00e7in","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4981-0488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4101805","display_name":"Y\u0131ld\u0131z Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/0547yzj13","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4101805"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141511","display_name":"TUBITAK BILGEM","ror":"https://ror.org/057kvja37","country_code":"TR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali G\u00f6r\u00e7in","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Y\u0131ld\u0131z, \u0130stanbul, Turkey","Informatics and Information Security Research Center (B\u0130LGEM), T\u00dcB\u0130TAK, Kocaeli, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Y\u0131ld\u0131z, \u0130stanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4101805"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics and Information Security Research Center (B\u0130LGEM), T\u00dcB\u0130TAK, Kocaeli, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022600471","display_name":"G\u00fcne\u015f Karabulut Kurt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7188-2619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","display_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8d4e86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["CA","TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G\u00fcnes Karabulut-Kurt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, \u0130stanbul Technical University, \u0130stanbul, Turkey","Poly-Grames Research Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, \u0130stanbul Technical University, \u0130stanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Poly-Grames Research Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009224411","display_name":"Khalid Qaraqe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0766-9212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58152225","display_name":"Texas A&M University at Qatar","ror":"https://ror.org/03vb4dm14","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58152225","https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qaraqe, Khalid A.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58152225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5019,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":68,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97207965,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5768997669219971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5756648778915405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5715987086296082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5615646839141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","score":0.5237119793891907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5201244950294495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4837753474712372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.464158833026886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.45871737599372864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4567280411720276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.41787034273147583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3781643807888031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3552105128765106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3459621071815491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22478634119033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1540490984916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07865527272224426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5768997669219971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5756648778915405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5715987086296082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5615646839141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156778621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365748","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5237119793891907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5201244950294495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4837753474712372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.464158833026886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.45871737599372864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4567280411720276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.41787034273147583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3781643807888031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3552105128765106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3459621071815491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22478634119033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1540490984916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07865527272224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:polen.itu.edu.tr:11527/49259","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11527/49259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400460","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University Academic Open Archive (Istanbul Technical University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","host_organization_name":"Istanbul Technical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332753","display_name":"Qatar National Research Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/01svaqq28"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595851582","https://openalex.org/W1029137422","https://openalex.org/W1580063153","https://openalex.org/W1968544657","https://openalex.org/W2051197024","https://openalex.org/W2054692642","https://openalex.org/W2072550346","https://openalex.org/W2072565444","https://openalex.org/W2072987322","https://openalex.org/W2098105074","https://openalex.org/W2106588538","https://openalex.org/W2170524206","https://openalex.org/W2207064437","https://openalex.org/W2460379932","https://openalex.org/W2609800471","https://openalex.org/W2624887404","https://openalex.org/W2773170971","https://openalex.org/W2775383661","https://openalex.org/W2784329950","https://openalex.org/W2809619574","https://openalex.org/W2909712920","https://openalex.org/W2917677817","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963574257","https://openalex.org/W2966910701","https://openalex.org/W2970689408","https://openalex.org/W2974893298","https://openalex.org/W2982286025","https://openalex.org/W2983220838","https://openalex.org/W3096423797","https://openalex.org/W3104028856","https://openalex.org/W3121523871","https://openalex.org/W3129773144","https://openalex.org/W3150752166","https://openalex.org/W3156091456"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388311650","https://openalex.org/W1974056099","https://openalex.org/W4245343541","https://openalex.org/W2386077341","https://openalex.org/W563589758","https://openalex.org/W5922282","https://openalex.org/W2954004777","https://openalex.org/W2949638731","https://openalex.org/W2951102138","https://openalex.org/W4293226380"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spectrum":[0],"sensing":[1,42,78,93,151],"is":[2,30,37,58,158,185,191],"one":[3],"of":[4,7,12,34,115,119,173,196,198],"the":[5,9,90,95,112,120,123,138,146,155,162,169,181,189,194,199],"means":[6],"utilizing":[8],"scarce":[10],"source":[11],"wireless":[13,40,50],"spectrum":[14,41,92],"efficiently.":[15],"In":[16,68,76,87],"this":[17],"paper,":[18],"a":[19,53,84,102],"convolutional":[20],"neural":[21],"network":[22],"(CNN)":[23],"model":[24],"employing":[25],"spectral":[26],"correlation":[27],"function":[28],"which":[29,184],"an":[31],"effective":[32],"characterization":[33],"cyclostationarity":[35],"property,":[36],"proposed":[38,47,96,163],"for":[39,193],"and":[43,56,66,74,79,106,148,171,201,204],"signal":[44,139,175],"identification.":[45],"The":[46],"method":[48,98,121,190],"classifies":[49],"signals":[51,70,116,127],"without":[52],"priori":[54],"information":[55],"it":[57],"implemented":[59],"in":[60,83,128,145],"two":[61],"different":[62],"settings":[63],"entitled":[64],"CASE1":[65],"CASE2.":[67],"CASE1,":[69],"are":[71,81],"jointly":[72],"sensed":[73],"classified.":[75],"CASE2,":[77],"classification":[80,172],"conducted":[82],"sequential":[85],"manner.":[86],"contrary":[88],"to":[89,110,137,168,187],"classical":[91,150],"techniques,":[94],"CNN":[97],"does":[99,107],"not":[100,108],"require":[101],"statistical":[103],"decision":[104],"process":[105],"need":[109],"know":[111],"distinct":[113],"features":[114],"beforehand.":[117],"Implementation":[118],"on":[122],"measured":[124],"overthe-air":[125],"real-world":[126],"cellular":[129,160],"bands":[130],"indicates":[131],"important":[132],"performance":[133],"gains":[134],"when":[135],"compared":[136],"classifying":[140],"deep":[141],"learning":[142],"networks":[143],"available":[144],"literature":[147],"against":[149],"methods.":[152],"Even":[153],"though":[154],"implementation":[156],"herein":[157],"over":[159],"signals,":[161],"approach":[164],"can":[165],"be":[166],"extended":[167],"detection":[170],"any":[174],"that":[176],"exhibits":[177],"cyclostationary":[178],"features.":[179],"Finally,":[180],"measurement-based":[182],"dataset":[183],"utilized":[186],"validate":[188],"shared":[192],"purposes":[195],"reproduction":[197],"results":[200],"further":[202],"research":[203],"development.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}