{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3191924166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3104109","title":"Phase-Code-Based Modulation for Coherent Lidar","display_name":"Phase-Code-Based Modulation for Coherent Lidar","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3191924166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3104109","mag":"3191924166"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3104109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3104109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034551328","display_name":"Sebastian Banzhaf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5997-9864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889804353","display_name":"Robert Bosch (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01fe0jt45","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Banzhaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corporate Sector Research and Advance Engineering, Robert Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5997-9864","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corporate Sector Research and Advance Engineering, Robert Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048233311","display_name":"Christian Waldschmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2090-6136"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Waldschmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microwave Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2090-6136","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microwave Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6474,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95651075,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"10","first_page":"9886","last_page":"9897"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13869","display_name":"Ocular and Laser Science Research","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.655317485332489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5879454016685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5829935073852539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5721455216407776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.5662323832511902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.4952293932437897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-modulation","display_name":"Phase modulation","score":0.4917140305042267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-effect","display_name":"Doppler effect","score":0.4643557071685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.41097143292427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3837818205356598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24807441234588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.23115086555480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17495843768119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.15998640656471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14570054411888123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.11715465784072876}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.655317485332489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5879454016685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5829935073852539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5721455216407776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.5662323832511902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.4952293932437897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96834759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750463","display_name":"Phase modulation","level":3,"score":0.4917140305042267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.4643557071685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.41097143292427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3837818205356598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24807441234588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.23115086555480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17495843768119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.15998640656471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14570054411888123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.11715465784072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3104109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3104109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W565312106","https://openalex.org/W1600851620","https://openalex.org/W1931645311","https://openalex.org/W1970517567","https://openalex.org/W2018377883","https://openalex.org/W2027911527","https://openalex.org/W2037928928","https://openalex.org/W2053131209","https://openalex.org/W2062466621","https://openalex.org/W2066196110","https://openalex.org/W2079318003","https://openalex.org/W2087351010","https://openalex.org/W2097491653","https://openalex.org/W2107154502","https://openalex.org/W2129577383","https://openalex.org/W2146628504","https://openalex.org/W2548889040","https://openalex.org/W2600780369","https://openalex.org/W2801262769","https://openalex.org/W2939776206","https://openalex.org/W2964851200","https://openalex.org/W2968312577","https://openalex.org/W2981892497","https://openalex.org/W3015175263","https://openalex.org/W3016600231","https://openalex.org/W3100435238","https://openalex.org/W6729515794","https://openalex.org/W6783540683"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W3188333020","https://openalex.org/W1964041166","https://openalex.org/W2109797662","https://openalex.org/W2393836789","https://openalex.org/W2157344445"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lidar":[0],"is":[1,92,96,169],"considered":[2],"to":[3,69,74,85,159],"play":[4],"an":[5],"essential":[6,146],"role":[7],"on":[8,35,98],"the":[9,22,78,142],"road":[10],"towards":[11],"fully":[12],"autonomous":[13],"driving.":[14],"In":[15],"this":[16],"context,":[17],"coherent":[18],"lidar":[19],"systems":[20],"hold":[21],"potential":[23,154],"for":[24],"lean,":[25,93],"efficient":[26],"and":[27,38,48,77,103,113,116,128,140,155],"inexpensive":[28],"sensors,":[29],"but":[30],"their":[31],"performance":[32],"depends":[33],"significantly":[34],"suitable":[36],"modulation":[37],"signal":[39],"processing":[40],"methods":[41,109,144],"that":[42,64,133],"can":[43],"handle":[44],"high":[45,50],"Doppler":[46],"shifts":[47],"enable":[49],"measurement":[51,126,151],"rates":[52],"at":[53],"low":[54],"computational":[55,122],"complexities.":[56],"This":[57],"paper":[58],"presents":[59],"four":[60],"novel":[61],"phase-modulation-based":[62],"approaches":[63,168],"utilize":[65],"pseudo-random":[66],"binary":[67],"sequences":[68],"estimate":[70],"target":[71,82],"distances":[72],"up":[73,84],"180":[75],"m":[76],"absolute":[79],"value":[80],"of":[81,121,150,165],"velocities":[83],"80":[86],"m/s.":[87],"The":[88,107,130,163],"corresponding":[89],"system":[90],"setup":[91],"as":[94],"it":[95],"based":[97],"only":[99],"one":[100,104],"phase":[101],"modulator":[102],"non-quadrature":[105],"demodulator.":[106],"proposed":[108,143],"are":[110,117],"assessed":[111],"analytically":[112],"by":[114,171],"simulations":[115],"compared":[118,158],"in":[119,148],"terms":[120,149],"complexity,":[123],"detection":[124],"performance,":[125],"rate":[127],"accuracy.":[129],"results":[131],"demonstrate":[132],"while":[134],"each":[135],"approach":[136],"has":[137],"individual":[138],"advantages":[139],"limitations,":[141],"offer":[145],"advancements":[147],"rate,":[152],"multiplexing":[153],"multi-target":[156],"capability,":[157],"already":[160],"known":[161],"methods.":[162],"feasibility":[164],"all":[166],"presented":[167],"validated":[170],"measurements.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}