{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3196059773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3103188","title":"Beam Alignment for High-Speed UAV via Angle Prediction and Adaptive Beam Coverage","display_name":"Beam Alignment for High-Speed UAV via Angle Prediction and Adaptive Beam Coverage","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3196059773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3103188","mag":"3196059773"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3103188","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3103188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011861525","display_name":"Ha-Lim Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9489-5658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ha-Lim Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9489-5658","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087836855","display_name":"Young\u2010Chai Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1043-9028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young-Chai Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1043-9028","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":28.8251,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99295162,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"10","first_page":"10185","last_page":"10192"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8345285058021545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5845345258712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kriging","display_name":"Kriging","score":0.4932350516319275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.47799912095069885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angle-of-arrival","display_name":"Angle of arrival","score":0.47116073966026306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3473675847053528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.21883872151374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15764755010604858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8345285058021545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5845345258712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81692654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225926","display_name":"Kriging","level":2,"score":0.4932350516319275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.47799912095069885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13545353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4763363","display_name":"Angle of arrival","level":3,"score":0.47116073966026306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3473675847053528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.21883872151374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15764755010604858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3103188","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3103188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W160501011","https://openalex.org/W948366128","https://openalex.org/W1502922572","https://openalex.org/W1535497002","https://openalex.org/W1746819321","https://openalex.org/W2151222548","https://openalex.org/W2258127536","https://openalex.org/W2532095825","https://openalex.org/W2797086109","https://openalex.org/W2799206304","https://openalex.org/W2912719095","https://openalex.org/W2937343695","https://openalex.org/W2942870735","https://openalex.org/W2944636546","https://openalex.org/W2963523817","https://openalex.org/W2969584435","https://openalex.org/W2994008524","https://openalex.org/W3002104503","https://openalex.org/W3024852030","https://openalex.org/W3031911987","https://openalex.org/W3038818354","https://openalex.org/W3039592291","https://openalex.org/W3043996617","https://openalex.org/W3085823723","https://openalex.org/W3099147043","https://openalex.org/W3106992902","https://openalex.org/W3113216941","https://openalex.org/W3132762268","https://openalex.org/W3135316840","https://openalex.org/W3156209837","https://openalex.org/W4251016019","https://openalex.org/W6606710746","https://openalex.org/W6631989691","https://openalex.org/W6776764061","https://openalex.org/W6779572636"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028024605","https://openalex.org/W2767525681","https://openalex.org/W2625550807","https://openalex.org/W2496161296","https://openalex.org/W1482618134","https://openalex.org/W2350861899","https://openalex.org/W2134166984","https://openalex.org/W2993658294","https://openalex.org/W2292759272","https://openalex.org/W2034091077"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,86,104],"unmanned":[1],"aerial":[2,84],"vehicle":[3],"(UAV)":[4],"communications,":[5],"continuing":[6],"beamforming":[7,49],"along":[8],"with":[9,51,156,198],"the":[10,13,17,36,40,47,60,75,79,83,88,96,113,117,121,138,143,157,163,176,194,205,226,250,254],"movement":[11,41],"of":[12,42,65,98,101,116],"UAV":[14,66,80],"to":[15,141,218,239],"mitigate":[16],"severe":[18],"path":[19],"loss":[20],"is":[21,24,92],"indispensable,":[22],"which":[23],"called":[25],"beam":[26,30,54,134,144],"tracking.":[27],"The":[28,147,245],"conventional":[29,202],"tracking":[31,35],"studies":[32],"focus":[33],"on":[34,70,137],"angle":[37,115,167,177,186,192],"resulting":[38,165],"from":[39,166,213,234],"a":[43,52,68,109,132,152,170],"target":[44],"and":[45,63,78,130,175],"obtaining":[46],"maximum":[48],"gain":[50],"narrow":[53,72],"through":[55],"phased":[56],"array-based":[57],"beamforming.":[58],"However,":[59],"high":[61,94],"mobility":[62],"perturbation":[64],"impose":[67],"challenge":[69],"aligning":[71],"beams":[73],"between":[74],"base":[76],"node":[77,81],"in":[82,95,120,229],"network.":[85],"particular,":[87],"spatial":[89,114,185,191],"angular":[90],"velocity":[91],"significantly":[93],"field":[97],"view":[99],"(FoV)":[100],"antenna":[102],"array.":[103],"this":[105],"article,":[106],"we":[107,224],"propose":[108],"scheme":[110,149,252],"that":[111,207,249],"predicts":[112],"moving":[118],"object":[119],"next":[122,195],"time":[123,171,196],"unit":[124],"<xref":[125],"ref-type=\"fn\"":[126],"rid=\"fn1\"":[127],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[128,215,220,236,241],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><sup>1</sup></xref>":[129],"design":[131],"wide":[133],"pattern":[135],"based":[136],"predicted":[139],"value":[140],"reduce":[142],"misalignment":[145],"issue.":[146],"proposed":[148,251],"can":[150,189],"establish":[151],"robust":[153],"communication":[154],"link":[155],"reduced":[158],"packet":[159],"loss,":[160],"by":[161],"mitigating":[162],"variations":[164],"transition":[168],"during":[169],"unit,":[172,197],"prediction":[173,187],"errors,":[174],"process":[178,182],"noise.":[179],"Especially,":[180],"Gaussian":[181],"regression":[183],"(GPR)-based":[184],"method":[188],"predict":[190],"for":[193,265],"lower":[199],"overhead":[200],"than":[201],"methods.":[203],"Considering":[204],"fact":[206],"UAVs":[208],"typically":[209],"travel":[210],"at":[211],"speeds":[212],"<inline-formula":[214,219,235,240],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[216,221,237,242],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\boldsymbol{40}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[217],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\boldsymbol{160}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[222],"[km/hr],":[223],"verify":[225],"simulation":[227,246],"results":[228,247],"high-speed":[230],"scenario":[231],"such":[232],"as":[233],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\boldsymbol{170}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[238],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\boldsymbol{200}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[243],"[km/hr].":[244],"show":[248],"reduces":[253],"alignment":[255],"error":[256],"while":[257],"maintaining":[258],"sufficient":[259],"signal-to-noise":[260],"ratio":[261],"(SNR)":[262],"condition":[263],"required":[264],"vehicular":[266],"communication.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
