{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3206254121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3098978","title":"Secure and Reliable Downlink Transmission for Energy-Efficient User-Centric Ultra-Dense Networks: An Accelerated DRL Approach","display_name":"Secure and Reliable Downlink Transmission for Energy-Efficient User-Centric Ultra-Dense Networks: An Accelerated DRL Approach","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3206254121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3098978","mag":"3206254121"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3098978","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3098978","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101843238","display_name":"Wei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1353-9809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1353-9809","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004042409","display_name":"Jun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4422-1705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4422-1705","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100361128","display_name":"Li Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2587-843X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080299506","display_name":"Qihang Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2476-9028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qihang Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, UESTC, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2476-9028","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, UESTC, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089316908","display_name":"Huang Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-4117"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-4117","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101661723","display_name":"Xiaonan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4703-2547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaonan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020825307","display_name":"Shaoqian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7030-3195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaoqian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7119,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70300566,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"9","first_page":"8978","last_page":"8992"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7181649208068848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.49220433831214905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jamming","display_name":"Jamming","score":0.47411516308784485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.45256781578063965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.43838974833488464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2806577682495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22832012176513672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11960217356681824}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7181649208068848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.49220433831214905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092823","display_name":"Jamming","level":2,"score":0.47411516308784485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.45256781578063965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.43838974833488464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2806577682495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22832012176513672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11960217356681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3098978","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3098978","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6339383149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U19B2014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6351621299","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62001089","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8359863875","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"60071096","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W276602078","https://openalex.org/W838780744","https://openalex.org/W1563804747","https://openalex.org/W1622908323","https://openalex.org/W1932847118","https://openalex.org/W1957358593","https://openalex.org/W1984549474","https://openalex.org/W2018802681","https://openalex.org/W2025488327","https://openalex.org/W2054692642","https://openalex.org/W2073875488","https://openalex.org/W2075173322","https://openalex.org/W2086174184","https://openalex.org/W2098000549","https://openalex.org/W2128153585","https://openalex.org/W2137853299","https://openalex.org/W2144007657","https://openalex.org/W2156077514","https://openalex.org/W2165150801","https://openalex.org/W2191948661","https://openalex.org/W2201581102","https://openalex.org/W2290809305","https://openalex.org/W2313875766","https://openalex.org/W2362238774","https://openalex.org/W2419597278","https://openalex.org/W2509004749","https://openalex.org/W2520320049","https://openalex.org/W2735094220","https://openalex.org/W2738819672","https://openalex.org/W2750364550","https://openalex.org/W2765492968","https://openalex.org/W2784451086","https://openalex.org/W2949979136","https://openalex.org/W2963477884","https://openalex.org/W2963864421","https://openalex.org/W2964021722","https://openalex.org/W2972498561","https://openalex.org/W3105108969","https://openalex.org/W4250997060","https://openalex.org/W4302570325","https://openalex.org/W6684205842","https://openalex.org/W6684921986","https://openalex.org/W6687681856","https://openalex.org/W6696641912","https://openalex.org/W6717177883"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W1761601995","https://openalex.org/W4300468626","https://openalex.org/W2904599916","https://openalex.org/W2097713053","https://openalex.org/W2909457694","https://openalex.org/W4321608401"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,17,35,68,86,93,109,128,166],"the":[2,27,38,53,69,72,76,94,97,100,119,136,149,156,163,168,171,177,186],"inherent":[3],"openness":[4],"of":[5,55,141,170,203],"wireless":[6],"channels,":[7],"data":[8],"transmission":[9,84,120,182],"in":[10,155,201],"user-centric":[11,28],"ultra-dense":[12],"networks":[13,174],"(UUDNs)":[14],"is":[15],"vulnerable":[16],"eavesdropping":[18],"and":[19,31,40,61,83,90,138,205],"malicious":[20],"jamming":[21],"attacks":[22],"(EJA).":[23],"This":[24],"paper":[25],"addresses":[26],"clustering,":[29],"beamforming,":[30],"artificial":[32],"noise":[33],"design":[34],"combat":[36],"with":[37,135,185],"EJA,":[39],"an":[41],"accelerated":[42,195],"deep":[43,172],"reinforcement":[44],"learning":[45],"(DRL)":[46],"based":[47,126,179],"approach":[48,74,102,197],"has":[49],"been":[50],"proposed":[51,73,101,194],"for":[52,181],"downlink":[54],"UUDNs":[56],"from":[57,114,143],"a":[58,88,106,115,124,144],"security,":[59],"reliability":[60],"energy":[62],"efficiency":[63],"(SREE)":[64],"perspective.":[65,117,146],"In":[66],"contrast":[67],"existing":[70,187],"approaches,":[71],"divides":[75],"UE's":[77],"communication":[78],"behavior":[79],"into":[80],"association":[81,98,157],"phase":[82,85,158],"perform":[87],"fast":[89,107,152],"adaptive":[91,131],"response":[92,108,132,153],"EJA.":[95],"For":[96,118],"phase,":[99,121],"aims":[103],"at":[104],"achieving":[105],"EJA":[110,142],"by":[111,133,176],"optimization":[112],"algorithms":[113],"short-term":[116],"we":[122],"propose":[123],"DRL":[125,178,196],"algorithm":[127,180],"achieve":[129],"optimal":[130],"dealing":[134],"dynamic":[137],"persistent":[139],"effects":[140],"long-term":[145],"To":[147],"accelerate":[148],"training":[150],"process,":[151],"achieved":[154],"will":[159],"be":[160],"regarded":[161],"as":[162],"initial":[164],"experience":[165],"update":[167],"parameters":[169],"neural":[173],"adopted":[175],"phase.":[183],"Comparing":[184],"methods,":[188],"simulation":[189],"results":[190],"show":[191],"that":[192],"our":[193],"achieves":[198],"better":[199],"performance":[200],"terms":[202],"SREE":[204],"convergence":[206],"speed.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}