{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3182295287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3094907","title":"The Blockchain Solution for the Security of Internet of Energy and Electric Vehicle Interface","display_name":"The Blockchain Solution for the Security of Internet of Energy and Electric Vehicle Interface","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3182295287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3094907","mag":"3182295287"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3094907","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3094907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059124651","display_name":"Rahul Saha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3921-9512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110360157","display_name":"Lovely Professional University","ror":"https://ror.org/00et6q107","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rahul Saha","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075848381","display_name":"Gulshan Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0026-149X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110360157","display_name":"Lovely Professional University","ror":"https://ror.org/00et6q107","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gulshan Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073515833","display_name":"G. Geetha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7338-973X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110360157","display_name":"Lovely Professional University","ror":"https://ror.org/00et6q107","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Geetha","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007596905","display_name":"Tai-hoon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0117-8102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tai-Hoon-Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018409592","display_name":"Mamoun Alazab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1928-3704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29894533","display_name":"Charles Darwin University","ror":"https://ror.org/048zcaj52","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29894533"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mamoun Alazab","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin Univeristy, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin Univeristy, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29894533"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039416437","display_name":"Reji Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3588-2317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110360157","display_name":"Lovely Professional University","ror":"https://ror.org/00et6q107","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reji Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Divison of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Divison of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086457933","display_name":"Mritunjay Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1724-0636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110360157","display_name":"Lovely Professional University","ror":"https://ror.org/00et6q107","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mritunjay Kumar Rai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076776322","display_name":"Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8657-3800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3121799822","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed","ror":"https://ror.org/00kwnx126","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3121799822"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["BR","PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Teresina - PI, Brazil","Intituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Teresina - PI, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3121799822"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059124651"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6754,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96054587,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"8","first_page":"7495","last_page":"7508"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.7342286109924316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6455556154251099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6407605409622192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.6012771725654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.5492569804191589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4958511292934418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-fault-tolerance","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","score":0.4946753680706024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.42938265204429626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4291578531265259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.41035425662994385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.31013914942741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08699187636375427}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.7342286109924316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6455556154251099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6407605409622192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.6012771725654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.5492569804191589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4958511292934418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168021876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353446","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.4946753680706024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.42938265204429626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4291578531265259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.41035425662994385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.31013914942741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08699187636375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3094907","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3094907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W181191221","https://openalex.org/W1485280854","https://openalex.org/W1499237070","https://openalex.org/W1598269861","https://openalex.org/W2007466965","https://openalex.org/W2057693510","https://openalex.org/W2126087831","https://openalex.org/W2596351484","https://openalex.org/W2752263663","https://openalex.org/W2762101885","https://openalex.org/W2765819159","https://openalex.org/W2766089955","https://openalex.org/W2771171849","https://openalex.org/W2772200994","https://openalex.org/W2774238252","https://openalex.org/W2785621755","https://openalex.org/W2791152760","https://openalex.org/W2793592581","https://openalex.org/W2888144009","https://openalex.org/W2911256795","https://openalex.org/W2915701748","https://openalex.org/W2918850337","https://openalex.org/W2920733043","https://openalex.org/W2946184158","https://openalex.org/W2955133807","https://openalex.org/W2964157970","https://openalex.org/W2977969918","https://openalex.org/W2983145744","https://openalex.org/W2990788382","https://openalex.org/W2994940332","https://openalex.org/W2998350271","https://openalex.org/W2999400131","https://openalex.org/W3000424131","https://openalex.org/W3000672140","https://openalex.org/W3011765518","https://openalex.org/W3015322982","https://openalex.org/W3019822238","https://openalex.org/W3019989510","https://openalex.org/W6628983409","https://openalex.org/W6635737710","https://openalex.org/W6678832241","https://openalex.org/W6772574107"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W2145120192","https://openalex.org/W4214672453","https://openalex.org/W2012215169"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,134],"paper,":[2],"an":[3,93],"Internet":[4],"of":[5,15,20,49,58,102,123,136,151],"Energy":[6],"(IoE)":[7],"solution":[8,35,107,154],"for":[9,75,100],"providing":[10],"optimal":[11],"charging":[12],"and":[13,27,66,112,145],"control":[14],"resources":[16],"in":[17,133],"the":[18,40,55,63,117,121,126,130,149,152,156],"era":[19],"electric":[21],"vehicles":[22],"(EVs)":[23],"with":[24,47,83,87],"energy":[25,45,103],"trading":[26],"security":[28,34,56,64,146],"is":[29,36,67,73,97,129],"considered.":[30],"A":[31],"blockchain":[32,118],"based":[33,78],"presented":[37,106],"by":[38,53],"considering":[39],"IoE":[41,60],"as":[42],"a":[43,84],"distributed":[44],"system":[46],"internet":[48],"things":[50],"(IoT).":[51],"However,":[52],"inheriting":[54,115],"concerns":[57],"IoTs,":[59],"also":[61,98],"faces":[62],"challenges":[65],"considered":[68],"here.":[69],"Hierarchical":[70],"key":[71],"generation":[72],"used":[74],"cryptographic":[76],"keys,":[77],"on":[79],"lattice":[80],"constructions.":[81],"Along":[82],"consensus":[85],"tailored":[86],"Practical":[88],"Byzantine":[89],"Fault":[90],"Tolerance":[91],"(PBFT),":[92],"additional":[94],"smart":[95],"contract":[96],"applied":[99],"utilization":[101],"transfer.":[104],"The":[105,140],"provides":[108],"transparency,":[109],"reliability,":[110],"availability":[111],"failure":[113],"recovery":[114],"from":[116],"aspects.":[119],"To":[120],"best":[122],"our":[124],"knowledge,":[125],"present":[127],"study":[128],"first":[131],"attempt":[132],"direction":[135],"IoE-EV":[137],"interface":[138],"solutions.":[139],"experimental":[141],"results,":[142],"comparative":[143],"analysis":[144],"validation":[147],"affirm":[148],"superiority":[150],"proposed":[153],"over":[155],"existing":[157],"approaches.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}