{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3175574950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3093632","title":"Towards Ultra Reliable Low Latency Multipath TCP for Connected Autonomous Vehicles","display_name":"Towards Ultra Reliable Low Latency Multipath TCP for Connected Autonomous Vehicles","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3175574950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3093632","mag":"3175574950"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3093632","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3093632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Towards_Ultra_Reliable_Low_Latency_Multipath_TCP_For_Connected_Autonomous_Vehicles/20651337","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038446422","display_name":"Shiva Raj Pokhrel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5819-765X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiva Pokhrel","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5819-765X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100409306","display_name":"Neeraj Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3020-3947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143578492","display_name":"Asia University","ror":"https://ror.org/038a1tp19","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143578492"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5847235","display_name":"University of Petroleum and Energy Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04q2jes40","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5847235"]}],"countries":["IN","TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neeraj Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, and Information Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan","School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3020-3947","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, and Information Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143578492"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5847235"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066875580","display_name":"Anwar Walid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1992-6068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72090969","display_name":"Nokia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038km2573","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anwar Walid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1992-6068","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.328,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88758899,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"8","first_page":"8175","last_page":"8185"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-tcp","display_name":"Multipath TCP","score":0.8645522594451904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7352770566940308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.705654501914978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emulation","display_name":"Emulation","score":0.645728588104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.5838817358016968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5473834872245789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5418461561203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.533560037612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-congestion","display_name":"Network congestion","score":0.5165945291519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-loss","display_name":"Packet loss","score":0.4796093702316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4450902044773102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3665842115879059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.21919742226600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16005244851112366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779166880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14947831","display_name":"Multipath TCP","level":4,"score":0.8645522594451904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7352770566940308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.705654501914978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.645728588104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.5838817358016968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5473834872245789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5418461561203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.533560037612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195563490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180368","display_name":"Network congestion","level":3,"score":0.5165945291519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54108766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q391064","display_name":"Packet loss","level":3,"score":0.4796093702316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4450902044773102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3665842115879059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.21919742226600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16005244851112366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3093632","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3093632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.deakin.edu.au:DU:30154626","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401102","display_name":"Own your potential (DEAKIN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","host_organization_name":"Deakin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20651337","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Towards_Ultra_Reliable_Low_Latency_Multipath_TCP_For_Connected_Autonomous_Vehicles/20651337","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20651337","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Towards_Ultra_Reliable_Low_Latency_Multipath_TCP_For_Connected_Autonomous_Vehicles/20651337","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515106148","https://openalex.org/W1607198972","https://openalex.org/W1716229707","https://openalex.org/W1976026141","https://openalex.org/W2007309295","https://openalex.org/W2011222041","https://openalex.org/W2051619378","https://openalex.org/W2055561332","https://openalex.org/W2060386744","https://openalex.org/W2100157843","https://openalex.org/W2118442492","https://openalex.org/W2136228813","https://openalex.org/W2136375391","https://openalex.org/W2136850962","https://openalex.org/W2163728264","https://openalex.org/W2179500942","https://openalex.org/W2528008179","https://openalex.org/W2897281412","https://openalex.org/W2942278707","https://openalex.org/W2962717093","https://openalex.org/W2963250023","https://openalex.org/W2963494103","https://openalex.org/W2964182635","https://openalex.org/W2969914599","https://openalex.org/W2973857537","https://openalex.org/W2981096252","https://openalex.org/W3014371581","https://openalex.org/W3044836646","https://openalex.org/W3135062675","https://openalex.org/W3140968660","https://openalex.org/W6630750119","https://openalex.org/W6637696349","https://openalex.org/W6791739726"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3180763927","https://openalex.org/W4389988679","https://openalex.org/W2925207763","https://openalex.org/W4226218331","https://openalex.org/W2106906543","https://openalex.org/W2047584981","https://openalex.org/W4381301812","https://openalex.org/W1561385631","https://openalex.org/W2166315921","https://openalex.org/W2071614110"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Connected":[0],"Autonomous":[1],"Vehicles":[2],"(CAVs)":[3],"are":[4],"Not-So-Futuristic.":[5],"CAVs":[6],"will":[7],"be":[8,37],"highly":[9],"dynamic":[10],"by":[11,101,134],"intelligently":[12],"exploiting":[13],"multipath":[14,79],"communication":[15,34,87],"over":[16,89,165],"several":[17],"radio":[18],"technologies,":[19],"such":[20,90],"as":[21],"high-speed":[22],"WiFi":[23],"and":[24,26,55,69,106,132,155],"5G":[25],"beyond":[27],"networks.":[28],"Yet,":[29],"the":[30,45,61,74,99,120,143,158,162,172],"likelihood":[31],"of":[32,142,190],"data":[33,63],"loss":[35,68],"can":[36],"very":[38],"high":[39],"and/,":[40],"or":[41],"packets":[42],"arrive":[43],"at":[44],"destination":[46],"not":[47],"in":[48],"correct":[49],"working":[50],"order":[51],"due":[52],"to":[53,67,76],"erratic":[54],"mixed":[56],"time-varying":[57],"wireless":[58,117],"links.":[59],"Furthermore,":[60],"vehicular":[62],"traffic":[64],"is":[65,130],"susceptible":[66],"delay":[70,123],"variation,":[71],"which":[72],"recommends":[73],"need":[75],"investigate":[77],"new":[78],"TCP":[80],"(MPTCP)":[81],"protocols":[82],"for":[83,110,126,161],"ultra-reliable":[84],"low":[85,122],"latency":[86,159],"(URLLC)":[88],"heterogeneous":[91],"networks":[92,167],"while":[93],"reassuring":[94],"CAVs'":[95],"needs.":[96],"We":[97,136],"undertake":[98],"challenge":[100],"jointly":[102],"considering":[103,171],"network":[104,177],"coding":[105],"balanced":[107],"linked":[108],"adaptation":[109],"performing":[111],"coupled":[112],"congestion":[113],"control":[114],"across":[115],"multiple":[116,176],"paths.":[118],"Consequently,":[119],"proposed":[121],"MPTCP":[124,144],"framework":[125],"connecting":[127],"autonomous":[128],"vehicles":[129],"efficient":[131],"intelligent":[133],"design.":[135],"conduct":[137],"a":[138,151],"rigorous":[139],"convergence":[140,178],"analysis":[141],"design":[145],"framework.":[146],"In":[147],"summation,":[148],"we":[149],"provide":[150],"detailed":[152],"mathematical":[153],"study":[154],"demonstrate":[156,185],"that":[157,175],"penalty":[160],"URLLC-MPTCP":[163],"developed":[164],"these":[166,187],"becomes":[168],"negligible":[169],"when":[170],"possible":[173],"benefits":[174],"could":[179],"offer.":[180],"Our":[181],"extensive":[182],"emulation":[183],"results":[184],"all":[186],"lucrative":[188],"features":[189],"URLLC-MPTCP.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-18T07:39:51.176621","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}