{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3107185102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3092255","title":"Optimal Two-Way TOA Localization and Synchronization for Moving User Devices With Clock Drift","display_name":"Optimal Two-Way TOA Localization and Synchronization for Moving User Devices With Clock Drift","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3107185102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3092255","mag":"3107185102"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3092255","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3092255","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.12272","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006311179","display_name":"Sihao Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6335-1911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sihao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6335-1911","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100363146","display_name":"Xiao\u2013Ping Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5241-0069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao-Ping Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5241-0069","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043550848","display_name":"Xiaowei Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0545-7408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaowei Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0545-7408","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032262275","display_name":"Mingquan Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7767-6661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingquan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4408,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92995436,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"8","first_page":"7778","last_page":"7789"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.8528342843055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.7891579866409302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-of-arrival","display_name":"Time of arrival","score":0.7870316505432129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6788895130157471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.6727912425994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.5904077291488647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5795528292655945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.45679405331611633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.42442527413368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.35525596141815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19846072793006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19312328100204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.14694160223007202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13993173837661743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.8528342843055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.7891579866409302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163150518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4135208","display_name":"Time of arrival","level":3,"score":0.7870316505432129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6788895130157471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.6727912425994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.5904077291488647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5795528292655945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.45679405331611633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.42442527413368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.35525596141815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19846072793006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19312328100204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.14694160223007202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13993173837661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3092255","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3092255","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2011.12272","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2011.12272","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.12272","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2011.12272","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2011.12272","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.12272","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965392255","https://openalex.org/W1975847068","https://openalex.org/W1995339988","https://openalex.org/W2008457674","https://openalex.org/W2038166203","https://openalex.org/W2050433409","https://openalex.org/W2055836310","https://openalex.org/W2063606913","https://openalex.org/W2076065673","https://openalex.org/W2092323252","https://openalex.org/W2100989187","https://openalex.org/W2120350100","https://openalex.org/W2124216931","https://openalex.org/W2132639726","https://openalex.org/W2134746901","https://openalex.org/W2136508742","https://openalex.org/W2154347068","https://openalex.org/W2238394037","https://openalex.org/W2314627352","https://openalex.org/W2325819075","https://openalex.org/W2343248898","https://openalex.org/W2347942784","https://openalex.org/W2398038344","https://openalex.org/W2420937421","https://openalex.org/W2508114004","https://openalex.org/W2599472104","https://openalex.org/W2768622687","https://openalex.org/W2790475903","https://openalex.org/W2791639158","https://openalex.org/W2792442555","https://openalex.org/W2793184719","https://openalex.org/W2908764396","https://openalex.org/W2911217835","https://openalex.org/W2920594953","https://openalex.org/W2946596397","https://openalex.org/W2946931672","https://openalex.org/W2964029185","https://openalex.org/W2972776893","https://openalex.org/W2989698267","https://openalex.org/W3006893503","https://openalex.org/W3025613035","https://openalex.org/W3045471919","https://openalex.org/W3081679264","https://openalex.org/W3098689266","https://openalex.org/W3103810454","https://openalex.org/W3128707666","https://openalex.org/W3138966569","https://openalex.org/W4229706427"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1479746946","https://openalex.org/W2143803213","https://openalex.org/W2055757274","https://openalex.org/W2511739151","https://openalex.org/W2155014562","https://openalex.org/W2076213752","https://openalex.org/W2066348132","https://openalex.org/W2134404114","https://openalex.org/W2101823128","https://openalex.org/W2146616212"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,65],"two-way":[1,35,50,76,122],"time-of-arrival":[2],"(TOA)":[3],"systems,":[4],"a":[5,19,54,126,176],"user":[6],"device":[7],"(UD)":[8],"obtains":[9],"its":[10,107],"position":[11,61],"and":[12,42,46,62,79,110,137,190],"timing":[13,63],"information":[14,200],"by":[15,101,195],"round-trip":[16],"communications":[17],"to":[18,40,96],"number":[20],"of":[21,129,159,171,184],"anchor":[22],"nodes":[23],"(ANs)":[24],"at":[25],"known":[26],"locations.":[27],"Compared":[28],"with":[29,203],"the":[30,34,86,91,98,102,112,120,130,133,138,145,153,157,168,172,185,191,196,204],"one-way":[31,147,187],"TOA":[32,36,51,77,123,148,188],"technique,":[33],"scheme":[37],"is":[38,125,135,201],"easy":[39],"implement":[41],"has":[43,140],"higher":[44],"localization":[45,78],"synchronization":[47,80],"accuracy.":[48],"Existing":[49],"methods":[52],"assume":[53],"stationary":[55],"UD.":[56],"This":[57],"will":[58],"cause":[59],"uncompensated":[60],"errors.":[64],"this":[66],"article,":[67],"we":[68],"propose":[69],"an":[70],"optimal":[71],"maximum":[72],"likelihood":[73],"(ML)":[74],"based":[75],"method,":[81,189],"namely":[82],"TWLAS.":[83],"Different":[84],"from":[85],"existing":[87],"methods,":[88],"it":[89],"takes":[90],"UD":[92,103,134,161,178,198],"mobility":[93],"into":[94],"account":[95],"compensate":[97],"error":[99,109,155,193],"caused":[100,194],"motion.":[104],"We":[105,117,150],"analyze":[106],"estimation":[108,142,154,169,192],"derive":[111,152],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[113],"lower":[114],"bound":[115],"(CRLB).":[116],"show":[118],"that":[119,167,183],"conventional":[121,146,186],"method":[124],"special":[127],"case":[128,158],"TWLAS":[131,139,174],"when":[132],"stationary,":[136],"high":[141],"accuracy":[143,170],"than":[144,182],"method.":[149],"also":[151],"in":[156],"deviated":[160,197],"velocity":[162,199],"information.":[163],"Numerical":[164],"result":[165],"demonstrates":[166],"new":[173],"for":[175],"moving":[177],"reaches":[179],"CRLB,":[180],"better":[181],"consistent":[202],"theoretical":[205],"analysis.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2020-12-07T00:00:00"}