{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3172548419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3087744","title":"Resource Efficiency Optimization for Robust Beamforming in Multi-Beam Satellite Communications","display_name":"Resource Efficiency Optimization for Robust Beamforming in Multi-Beam Satellite Communications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3172548419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3087744","mag":"3172548419"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3087744","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3087744","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100636788","display_name":"Wenjin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5600-6589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5600-6589","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005684373","display_name":"Linna Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7827-4819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linna Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7827-4819","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086501134","display_name":"Rui Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8606-5646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136246","display_name":"China Telecom (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jgnzt20","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Telecommunication Satellite, CAST, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8606-5646","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Telecommunication Satellite, CAST, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059718073","display_name":"Jizhao Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7548-5312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802615301","display_name":"China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/01z8tr155","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jizhao Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085856839","display_name":"Li You","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8600-1423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li You","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8600-1423","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008072409","display_name":"Chien Aun Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7188-3478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chien Aun Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7188-3478","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050692023","display_name":"Xiqi Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9107-6593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiqi Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9107-6593","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":42.8461,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99644084,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"7","first_page":"6958","last_page":"6968"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8191982507705688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.6588141918182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5927296876907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5357007384300232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.5057933330535889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.44331538677215576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3476378917694092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2891152501106262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1703607439994812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8191982507705688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.6588141918182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5927296876907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5357007384300232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.5057933330535889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.44331538677215576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3476378917694092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2891152501106262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1703607439994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3087744","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3087744","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1639894444","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61801114","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3821381216","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFB1803102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336026","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4712056952","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61761136016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6584467970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61631018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336026","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546334210","https://openalex.org/W1604498830","https://openalex.org/W1987123761","https://openalex.org/W1997631832","https://openalex.org/W1999833500","https://openalex.org/W2003806850","https://openalex.org/W2006743106","https://openalex.org/W2024089567","https://openalex.org/W2024702556","https://openalex.org/W2030315494","https://openalex.org/W2033629530","https://openalex.org/W2076916716","https://openalex.org/W2078347634","https://openalex.org/W2122180780","https://openalex.org/W2124129603","https://openalex.org/W2147475579","https://openalex.org/W2164631123","https://openalex.org/W2171824268","https://openalex.org/W2227473546","https://openalex.org/W2336546580","https://openalex.org/W2339860134","https://openalex.org/W2508393166","https://openalex.org/W2509988246","https://openalex.org/W2511751301","https://openalex.org/W2543925379","https://openalex.org/W2590256459","https://openalex.org/W2594135044","https://openalex.org/W2648740514","https://openalex.org/W2788350651","https://openalex.org/W2797325295","https://openalex.org/W2883332268","https://openalex.org/W2885378192","https://openalex.org/W2914528088","https://openalex.org/W2935803308","https://openalex.org/W2941594064","https://openalex.org/W2963669566","https://openalex.org/W2963740148","https://openalex.org/W2967900668","https://openalex.org/W2980039612","https://openalex.org/W2991518209","https://openalex.org/W2997610369","https://openalex.org/W2999146029","https://openalex.org/W3002576867","https://openalex.org/W3007804894","https://openalex.org/W3013168336","https://openalex.org/W3015574897","https://openalex.org/W3033845116","https://openalex.org/W3036262296","https://openalex.org/W3045793357","https://openalex.org/W3048494275","https://openalex.org/W3086751733","https://openalex.org/W3092220464","https://openalex.org/W3098133185","https://openalex.org/W3100049902","https://openalex.org/W3100368766","https://openalex.org/W3100958671","https://openalex.org/W3102269059","https://openalex.org/W3104650338","https://openalex.org/W3104847206","https://openalex.org/W3106043609","https://openalex.org/W3147070566","https://openalex.org/W3177784139","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W6685525424","https://openalex.org/W6781583287","https://openalex.org/W6797959845"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137628250","https://openalex.org/W4286569445","https://openalex.org/W2602252168","https://openalex.org/W2047743558","https://openalex.org/W2088618661","https://openalex.org/W2130715019","https://openalex.org/W2108756703","https://openalex.org/W4285140130","https://openalex.org/W3104770499","https://openalex.org/W4285677055"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"tradeoff":[1,56,111,202],"between":[2,57,112],"energy":[3],"efficiency":[4,8],"(EE)":[5],"and":[6,30,59,77,106,114,129,174,203],"spectral":[7],"(SE)":[9],"provides":[10],"a":[11,166],"new":[12],"perspective":[13],"for":[14,61],"the":[15,27,33,51,55,62,73,86,92,99,103,110,125,138,145,152,157,163,171,180,187,192,200,205,208,213],"transmit":[16],"design":[17],"in":[18,65,68,162,198],"satellite":[19],"communications":[20],"(SATCOM),":[21],"i.e.,":[22],"one":[23],"can":[24],"jointly":[25,38],"optimize":[26],"system":[28,104],"EE":[29,58,105,113],"SE":[31,60,115],"of":[32,75,102,147,159,194,207],"SATCOM":[34,67],"system.":[35],"In":[36],"addition,":[37],"considering":[39],"that":[40],"it":[41],"is":[42,96,141,177,183],"challenging":[43],"to":[44,108,143,185],"obtain":[45,186],"accurate":[46],"channel":[47],"state":[48],"information":[49],"at":[50,90],"transmitter,":[52],"we":[53,84,122],"study":[54,85],"robust":[63,87,209],"beamforming":[64,88,148],"multi-beam":[66],"this":[69,120],"paper.":[70],"Specifically,":[71],"with":[72,116,134,212],"quality":[74],"service":[76],"total":[78],"power":[79],"constraints":[80],"taken":[81],"into":[82],"account,":[83],"aimed":[89],"maximizing":[91],"resource":[93],"efficiency,":[94],"which":[95],"defined":[97],"as":[98],"weighted":[100],"sum":[101,158],"SE,":[107],"achieve":[109],"more":[117],"flexibility.":[118],"For":[119],"problem,":[121],"first":[123],"approximate":[124],"ergodic":[126,130],"user":[127],"rate":[128],"signal-to-interference-plus-noise":[131],"ratio,":[132],"both":[133],"closed":[135],"forms.":[136],"Then,":[137],"semidefinite":[139],"relaxation":[140],"applied":[142],"tackle":[144],"optimization":[146,164],"vectors":[149],"via":[150],"relaxing":[151],"rank":[153],"constraints.":[154],"To":[155],"handle":[156],"fractions":[160],"involved":[161],"objective,":[165],"nested":[167],"iterative":[168],"algorithm":[169,197],"exploiting":[170],"quadratic":[172],"transformation":[173],"majorization-minimization":[175],"method":[176],"proposed.":[178],"Finally,":[179],"eigenvalue":[181],"decomposition":[182],"utilized":[184],"beamformers.":[188],"Simulation":[189],"results":[190],"indicate":[191],"effectivity":[193],"our":[195],"proposed":[196],"achieving":[199],"EE-SE":[201],"illustrate":[204],"superiority":[206],"approach":[210],"compared":[211],"conventional":[214],"baselines.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
